For centuries, the rulers of ancient Egypt were buried in the pyramids built during their lifetime. Fundamentally, the design of the tombs and the internal layout of the premises changed little. Therefore, we can consider their structure using the example of the Cheops pyramid.
Instruction manual
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Unlike earlier built pyramids, which consisted of blocks fastened with clay mortar, the tomb of Pharaoh Cheops is composed of huge monoliths that are not fastened by anything other than their own weight. For a snug fit, the stone was trimmed to perfect horizontality, so that even a knife blade could not be inserted between the blocks.
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Pyramid built in the XXVI century BC. e., towered 146.6 meters. A total of 210 rows of masonry from 2 million stone blocks. The base was a square with a side of 230.4 m, oriented strictly to the cardinal points. Studying the geometry of architecture, scientists hypothesized that the builders of the Cheops pyramid were familiar not only with astronomy, but also with the number π = 3.14
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At the base of the building is faced with granite. On the north side is the main entrance to the interior. It was discovered after part of the lining was removed. Now, tourists use the entrance, which is located several meters below the main one, to visit the pyramid. It was pierced by robber-treasure hunters many years ago.
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There are three rooms in the tomb. A sloping corridor 105 m long from the entrance leads to the lowest chamber, hollowed out in the rock. Until now, it was not possible to establish its purpose (in other pyramids there are no such premises). An almost vertical hole leading to the Grotto leads up from this abandoned incomplete "excess" room. All researchers agree that all these passages and niches existed before the construction of the tomb.
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The main rooms are located in the center of the pyramid. An ascending corridor 40 meters long, starting a few meters from the entrance, ends with the Great Gallery and the entrance to the chamber of the Pharaoh, 5.3 meters wide, 10.5 meters long and 5.8 meters high. Here, in the western corner, thousands of years after the burial, archaeologists have found roughly a hewn sarcophagus, an open lid next to it and no decorations. Outside, narrow air ducts, also oriented to the cardinal directions, lead to the chamber.
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A few meters below is the Queen's room. A horizontal corridor from the Great Gallery leads to it. It is slightly smaller than the tomb of the Pharaoh and is not so carefully decorated, but it is also located strictly along the west-east axis. A niche has been hollowed out in one of the walls. Presumably, a statue of a ruler and a husband flocked in it.
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Above all the premises, scientists discovered unloading chambers with a total height of 17 m. They were designed to take the weight of a million stone tons into their arches. On their walls were found inscriptions left by the builders of the great pyramid, which has survived to this day, the Wonder of the World.
