Architecture as an art is a historically developing phenomenon. At each stage of its development, architecture defined its canons, by which it is possible to determine the style of architecture of the building. Take a close look at it, it will tell you a lot.
Instruction manual
1
In the ancient era, architecture was primarily associated with the construction of temples. Their main feature was freestanding pillars - columns. By their capitals it was possible to determine the era of construction.
The earliest were the capitals of the Doric warrant (stone pillow and square plate).
He was replaced by the capital of the ionic order, more refined, decorated with roundings in the form of ram's horns (volutes). The capital of the Corinthian order was the latest. Lush, spectacular, it resembled a flower basket.
To this day, the buildings of this era are almost not preserved. However, during the Renaissance and Classicism, architects made extensive use of these columns.
2
Romanesque temples can be recognized by their large sizes. They used vaulted structures. They are characterized by the monumentality of the composition, and grandeur was a hallmark. The heavy and gloomy grandeur of Romanesque architecture was reflected in the construction of feudal castles, monastery ensembles and temples.
3
The leading achievements of the Gothic style was the construction of cathedrals. Unlike Romanesque cathedrals, they evoked a feeling of lightness, special airiness and spirituality. This sensation is created by lancet arches that emphasize the aspiration of the entire building up.
An important detail of the Gothic cathedral is the huge windows, which were decorated with colored stained-glass windows.
Outside, the cathedral has two towers on the facade, and between them a round window. It is called the "Gothic rose."
4
In the Renaissance, architecture had its own characteristics.
Antique columns served not as the basis of a building structure, but as decoration, decor.
A giant dome was built over the cathedrals.
Both secular and religious buildings had a clear harmonious composition, light, elegant and simple.
The walls were separated by pilasters, half columns, cornices.
5
The architectural forms of baroque are the opposite of strict geometry. The centric is replaced by an extended, the circle - an oval, the square - a rectangle. The polyphony of architectural volumes dominates. Buildings become picturesque.
The facade line is bent. Columns, pilasters, cornices, platbands, medallions, cartouches, volutes appear from the thickness of the walls.
The pediments end with statues, in the niches are sculptures.
6
The architecture of classicism is the exact opposite of baroque. It is characterized by strict lines, clear volumes, well-composed composition. The basis of the architectural language was an order close to antiquity. The principle of architecture of this style was based on the harmonious balance of forms and ideal proportions. The buildings clearly shared the warrant floor by floor. The central axis should correspond to a ledge, balcony or pediment. The wings of the facade are closed by pavilions.
