The introduction of scientific and technical standards for maximum permissible emissions (MPE) is the only effective measure to preserve the ecology of the environment. The parameters of these norms determine the necessary conditions of detention for the total sources of substances polluting the surface air layer. These environmental quality standards determine the ultimate characteristics for the safe life of people, as well as the status of the fauna and flora of a given area.
Maximum allowable emission (MPE) is set for any source that can have a polluting effect on the atmosphere of the planet. The norms established for MPE control emissions of pollutants, given their interaction with other components of the environment and their dispersion in a natural way. These maximum allowable standards determine air quality, depending on the totality of polluting sources, including industrial enterprises and the prospects for their technical development. State control over the observance of MPE norms has a branched structure that takes into account all types of environmental pollution.
Regulatory Regulation of LDPE
In Russia, legal regulation of MPE standards is currently being carried out in accordance with a special act called “Maximum Permissible Concentration (MPC) in the atmosphere of harmful substances for human settlements”. It names 628 types of harmful substances and their permissible norms, based on average daily, maximum and one-time MPCs. There is also a section “B”, in which 38 prohibited substances are named that are completely excluded from environmental content due to their special biological activity.
It is necessary to take into account the effect of harmful substances according to the MPC at elevated air temperatures from each individual source. Such control is carried out according to special formulas that are scientifically substantiated. MPE standards from industrial sources take into account all the properties of harmful substances with an orientation to current atmospheric parameters. For this, special calculations of the content of other substances in the air are used. And after this, the final requirements for MPE are presented to production organizations in accordance with the plan for recreational activities.
Thus, MPE is used as a standard calculated value to protect the atmosphere from environmentally harmful substances and represents the amount of pollution from a separate source allocated per unit time. Exceeding this MPE value is an unauthorized negative impact on the environment and the population living in this territory.
Legal liability for violation of LDPE
The volume “Atmosphere Protection” defines the measures carried out by departmental structures for the control of MPE and ENE (temporarily agreed release). The world community has relevant legislation to protect the environment. In this regard, Russia protects its ecology with a legislative act called the "Law on the Protection of Atmospheric Air". It presents action plans aimed at protecting the atmosphere, which take into account specific measurements of the readings of LDPE, MPC and VSV.
Form "No. 2-tp - air" from statistical reporting is used to calculate the MPE values. This document is the basis for fiscal authorities in terms of charging fees for emissions of explosives (harmful substances).
Planned activities for enterprises to fulfill the MPE standards
For all industrial enterprises of our country, the fundamental document for the control of MPE is the "Project of permissible emissions into the atmosphere of explosives." According to this document, the disposal of oil waste and environmental certification of production are carried out. In the complex of recreational activities from the oil industry, in addition, geoecological studies of the territory where the oil is produced are carried out.
When designing the construction and construction of enterprises to be reconstructed, this project is developed. The norms of MPC in them use the concept of SDK (average permissible concentrations).
Special methods are used to control PDV in soils. Indeed, the soil environment is less than water and air subject to mobility and variability. Therefore, in it the process of deposition of various chemical compounds occurs more slowly, although the soil is in a constant biological process of activity. Thus, the MPE in the soil should take into account the depth and direction of concentration of extraneous explosives.
It is important to take into account the fact that the MPE projects provide for the control of explosives exclusively in the format of organized or authorized emissions, focused on the specific features of a particular area. Therefore, fugitive emissions require special regulations for the control and accounting of explosives. Therefore, the introduction of additional industrial plants in various industries should be carried out in strict accordance with the MPE. So, for example, modern, but environmentally dirty production associated with gas heating (in replacement of outdated systems using steam or hot water) require additional accounting for the emission of explosives, since the combustion of natural gas is associated with the release of carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides that pollute the atmosphere.
For chemical plants, which, due to their specificity, cannot comply with the MPE standards, a phased approval of the release of explosives is introduced, which is provided for by the BCF (temporarily agreed emissions). In this case, the number of emissions is focused on similar capacities of enterprises with already accepted standards. And the quarterly and annual reports of industrial enterprises for MPE are checked by the State Hydrometeorological Committee, which consolidates the summarized information in the form of special graphs.
In order to comply with the MPE conditions, within the framework of the sanitary-hygienic standards of production shops and throughout the industrial zone and settlements, a MPE draft is prepared for the enterprise and each explosive. In order to protect the environment and public health, state control structures carry out a supervisory function within the framework of a number of legislative acts, which include the following laws of the Russian Federation: "Epidemiological and sanitary welfare of the population", "Environmental Protection" and "Atmospheric Air Protection". These legal documents define MPE standards, the procedure for the disposal of industrial waste and other special conditions guaranteeing environmental protection and human health.
The draft LDPE standards are a binding document for any industrial enterprise that has at least a single source of explosives. It is regulated by the environmental legislation of our country, which determines the procedure for reviewing MPEs every five years. A decrease in the five-year period for reviewing the MPE norms can be established in the following cases:
- environmental conditions in the given territory of the enterprise have changed;
- changed production conditions (technology and program);
- the number of sources of explosives has changed.
In case of violation of the MPE norms, the industrial enterprise bears financial responsibility in the form of fines.
