Mustafa Atatürk - Omani and Turkish reformer, politician, first president of the Republic of Turkey, founder of the modern Turkish state. He was an impeccable military leader and talented leader.
Childhood, youth
Ataturk Mustafa Kemal was born in 1881 in the Ottoman Empire in Thessaloniki. There is a very interesting fact in his biography. The exact date of birth of the future leader of the Turks is unknown. Mustafa's parents died before his birth, two sons immediately after birth. Mother and father were almost sure that the third son will face the same fate, so they did not remember the exact date of birth of the child and did not immediately register it. Mustafa's father rose to the rank of officer, but ended his life as a market merchant. Mother was known for her religious beliefs.
Ataturk Mustafa Kemal began his studies at a religious school. For his mother, this was important, so the future leader endured strict orders and was almost an exemplary pupil. Later, at the insistence of his father, he was transferred to a European school of economic orientation. At first, young Mustafa was very happy about this, but the economy did not appeal to him. He was much more interested in studying tactics and strategy of military affairs.
After the death of his father Mustaf Ataturk decided to connect his life with military affairs. He graduated from high school and later studied at the Istanbul Military School. It was there that he received his middle name - Kemal. He was given to a talented boy by a local math teacher. Translated from Turkish, it means "impeccable." The future leader in the rank of lieutenant graduated from the school, and then went to study at the Military Academy. At the end of her, he became headquarters captain.
Career
In the years 1905-197, Mustafa Ataturk served in the fifth army, which was stationed in Damascus. In 1907, he was promoted and transferred to the Third Army.
During his studies, Mustafa took an active part in the revolutionary movement. In the First World War, Atatürk proved that his training was not in vain. He showed himself on an exceptionally good side and rose to the rank of colonel. Under his leadership, the Turks won the battle of Anafartalar, Kireptep. Later he was awarded the rank of lieutenant general.
In 1918, the army was disbanded and Ataturk began to work in the field of defense. In the following years, many reforms were carried out. Mustafa Kemal became the leader of the Republican People's Party. The Ottoman Empire ceased to exist. After the war ended, it began to disintegrate into separate territories. Kemal Mustafa actively advocated maintaining the unity of the country. In 1920, a new parliament was proclaimed - the Great National Assembly. In 1923, the Republic of Turkey was proclaimed. Ataturk became its head. In 1924, the Constitution of the Republic of Turkey was written, which remained relevant until 1961.
Post-war times were very difficult, but Kemal immediately determined the basic strategy for the development of the new republic. He said that it was necessary to maintain a course towards strengthening economic independence. As it turned out later, this decision was correct.
During the reign of Mustafa Ataturk, he carried out a number of reforms in the field of public life:
- changed the requirements for hats and clothes:
- proclaimed equal rights for women and men;
- passed a law on surnames;
- made changes to the Turkish alphabet.
In the field of economy, the following transformations were carried out:
- established exemplary agricultural enterprises;
- The Law on Industry and the Creation of Industrial Enterprises has been issued;
- the system of ashara (obsolete taxation of agriculture) was canceled.
Ataturk, many roads were built in the Republic of Turkey. Education has reached a new level. Many educational institutions have been created and getting the desired profession has become much more affordable.
