Categorical state and religious theories arise from people's dissatisfaction with the situation in the country. Liberalism is no exception. He appeared in response to an unlimited feudal monarchy and the complete violation of human rights and freedoms
The concept of "liberalism" comes from the Latin word "freedom". The origins of this state and economic principle are John Locke, Immanuel Kant and Adam Smith. Humboldt and Tackville, as well as many modern economists and politicians, had a significant impact on its development.
In its original form, liberalism called for the complete abolition of the role of the state in society. He assumed the primacy of human rights over all other state principles. At the same time, theory brought to the forefront and responsibilities of man.
Over the centuries, liberalism has become the dominant state policy of an increasing number of countries. He began to influence even previously unlimited monarchies and dictatorships. Liberals advocated the separation of religion from the state, the introduction of a market economy and private property.
One of the first countries where liberalism took place as the main direction of state development, became the United States.
Over time, liberal theory began to deviate more and more into the economy. And against this background, neoliberalism separated from the mainstream of liberalism. The position of his adherents is based on the abolition of protectionism as a phenomenon and the complete separation of the economy from politics. Complete market freedom and unlimited competition are the main principles of this theory.
At the same time, liberalism, despite its historical opposition to the current government, does not exclude the influence of the state on the economy. Indeed, this is the only way to ensure not only economic, but also social development of civil society. Especially new liberals began to insist on strengthening state power. This movement arose during the "Edward" era in England. As the main goal of the struggle, its supporters chose the maximum development of the social sphere.
On the other hand, independent direction, called "libertarianism", has been separated from liberalism. It does not recognize any limitations of the will of man, being an anarchist ideology. In postulates, libertarianism looks like perfect democracy. But in reality it is completely anti-state.
At the same time, modern liberalism defends only the rights of those people and countries, worldview and other views are similar to liberal politicians and businessmen. Dissenters are subjected to various kinds of discrimination. This is clearly seen in the unceremonious domestic and foreign policies of the United States and modern Russia.
In Russia, liberalism began to develop with the collapse of communist ideology. But in his development, he began to look more like a mixture of hypertrophied libertarianism and neoliberalism with elements of bureaucratic arbitrariness. The dawn of corruption and the rampant gangsterism, along with the constant talk of human rights, has greatly shaken popular confidence in liberal foundations.
That is why most Russians do not separate the liberalism of the 90s from anarchism. And modern liberals will need a lot of effort to restore people's confidence in liberalism.
