Fire is a terrible disaster. The sad Russian statistics of recent years are shocking: fire catches people by surprise, and wrong actions, panic during a fire exacerbate the tragic consequences.
At the first sign of a fire, you must immediately notify the fire department. The telephone number of the unified rescue service is 01. Clearly state the address where the incident occurred, the degree of threat to people, the route of optimal travel, your name. It is known that the rapid spread of fire in homes is facilitated by ventilation ducts, open doors, windows through which additional oxygen is supplied, which contributes to the development of a fire. That is why in a burning room it is not recommended to immediately break the glass, swing open the doors to the rooms nearby. The first steps are to turn off the electricity on the cover of the stairwell and block the gas. If there is strong smoke, you need to breathe with a wet cloth on your face and move around, leaning toward the floor (more smoke above). Do not rush to the elevator: use only the stairs. If the path to the site is cut off, go to the room farthest from the fire, closing the doors behind you. Open the window and scream for help to attract the attention of passers-by. What to do if a fire happened before your eyes? For example, a television flashed, and a fire had not yet swept the room. Switch off the power to the device, fill it with water through the holes in the back wall or cover it with a dense cloth. Throwing the TV through the window onto the street is possible only with safety for others. Even if you put out the fire right away, you can be poisoned by combustion products. Immediately remove from the room those people who are not busy extinguishing children. Do the same when other electrical appliances ignite. What if there was a local fire on the balcony (loggia)? If there is a risk of fire spread, call 01 immediately, close all doors so as not to create a draft. With minimal risk, extinguish the fire with improvised means (water from a bucket, washing powder, wet cloth, soil from flower pots). Warn neighbors about what happened. Smoke in the entrance is noticed. If the smoke allows you to navigate in space, try to determine the place of burning (apartment, waste bin, mailbox, etc.) for communication to service 01. The smell can also be characteristic (rubber, flammable substances, plastic, wood, paper). If there is a small fire, call the neighbors for help and extinguish the hearth. In case of a large-scale incident, notify the residents about it and try to leave the room by flight of stairs, through the fire escape of the balcony. If you have to move through a densely smoky corridor, you should cover yourself with a dense, damp cloth and move around, crouching or crawling. If the shaft of fire threatens, it is important to avoid burns to internal organs: to fall, cover your head with a cloth and hold your breath. When you notice a fire in the basement, never try to get inside yourself - call the fire brigade. If you live on the first floor, open the windows (but not the door to the porch!), And then leave the house, notifying the neighbors about the fire. What should I do if the person’s clothes are burning? He cannot run: the flame will flare up even more. Fire must be extinguished by throwing a thick cloth, earth, snow, pouring water, leaving your head open. If there is an opportunity to help throw off burning clothes, do it, but very quickly. Provide adequate medical care. Remember: when many substances are burned, very toxic gases are released: hydrocyanic acid, phosgene and others. Thus, not only fire can be dangerous, but also a burnt from it. Carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide give reactions from mild headaches to fainting, coma, paralysis of the respiratory centers and death. The worst thing in a fire in crowded places is panic. Keep calm. Moving in a crowd, keep the children ahead of you, leading them by the shoulders. Adults that are numb with fear, bring to life, patting your hands on the cheeks. Talk to them calmly and mobilizingly. Having got out of the burning room, give help to those in need, call an ambulance.
