Shamil Khayralloviya Usmanov is a Soviet Tatar playwright, writer and politician. Born in 1898, died in 1937. Full name - Shamil Khirulla uly Usmanov.
Biography
Shamil Usmanov's parents were teachers. He received his primary education in Astrakhan. Then he studied in Orenburg at the Husainia Vocational School from 1911 to 1914. After studying, until 1917 he worked as a locksmith in cloth factories, first in Starotimoshkino, then in Guryevka, Simbirsk province.
In March 1917, Shamil began to take an active part in the Bolshevik party. In June of the same year, Usmanov went to Syzran for the Bolshevik agitation of the 119th Infantry Regiment. After which he was elected secretary of the garrison committee in Syzran. Since November 1917, Shamil has been participating as a delegate to the Second District Kazan Congress. Then he was awarded the powers of the commissioner of the formation of the Red Army units in the city of Syzran. May 1918 is noticeable because the Muslim battalion under the command of commander Khairullin and Commissioner Umsanov, in the amount of five hundred soldiers, goes to the Eastern Front. There they unite with volunteer groups of prisoners of war Hungarians, Poles and Germans. Their detachment is called the Third International Legion, under the command of the commander of Polish descent Belevich and Commissioner Shamil Usmanva. Their legion is famous for the liberation of the city of Orenburg from the troops of Dutov on January 22, 1919. They also distinguished themselves in battles near Orsk and Perevolotsky.
The Muslim Military Collegium, in January 1919, decided to create Muslim military units in Kazan, Samara and other cities of the Volga region. The main initiative for the formation of this regiment came from Shamil Usmanov, which was supported by the Revolutionary Military Council of the First Army. And on March 10 of the same lady, a decision was made to create the first Volga separate Tatar brigade of shooters. Usmanov is approved by the political commissioner of this brigade.
In October 1919, Shamil Usmanov was appointed head of the political department of the Muslim Central Military College. In his current position, he controls the activities of the newspaper "Kyzyl Army". On the pages of the newspaper there are articles about the many problems of the Tatar Republic, about all kinds of obstacles to its creation. When a decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee was issued on May 27, 1920 and the formation of the Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was legalized, Shamil Usmanov was appointed secretary of the provisional committee of the republic. Their main goal was to convene a congress of councils of the new republic.
The first regional conference of the Communists of the Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was held from July 26 to 29, at which Shamil delivered a speech in which he reported on the need for the appearance of at least 50% of the Tatar delegates.
The Kazan provincial committee at that time was negatively inclined towards confident independent actions by the leadership of the interim revolutionary committee. They are doing their best to remove Firdevs, Kazakov and Usmanov from work. After the mobilization of Usmanov sent to the Turkestan front at the disposal of the military revolutionary council. At the end of hostilities, he is appointed head of the military-political courses at the Tashkent Institute of Oriental Studies.
In March 1922, Shamil returned to Kazan, where he served as head of the infantry command courses of the political department, after which he became commissar of the united military school. Having shown excellent service, he is appointed inspector of the Red Army military educational institutions in Moscow. Usmanov was demobilized in 1927. At that time he was only 29 years old.
While working as the head of the Tatar enterprise management, Usmanov realized the idea of the radioification of the Tatar ASSR. He personally was in charge of the construction of the Kazan Broadcasting Radio Station. And on November 7, 1927, the voice of Shamil came from Tataria’s radios, he said: “Kazan silly!”, In Russian - “Kazan speaks!”. He congratulated the population on the tenth anniversary of the October Revolution.
Despite active participation in public life, there is no information about Shamil Usmanov’s personal life.
Literary work
The first work of Shamil Usmanov was published in 1921. This play was dedicated to the dramatic events of the revolution and civil war. The work was called "In the bloody days." Shamil wrote this play under the impression of the battles for Orenburg, in which he was a direct participant.
A significant role in the literary life of Tatarstan was played by such works of Usmanov as: “Under the Red Banner” and “The Way of the Legion” published in 1923, as well as the science fiction novel Radio from the Pamirs.
The story "The death of Lieutenant Danilov" Shamil Usmanov sent to Maxim Gorky, and later, in 1928, they met in Kazan.
Memory
In honor of Shamil Usmanov, a street was named in Kazan on which the building of the Tatarstan state television and radio broadcasting company is located, today it is VGTRK. Also in Naberezhnye Chelny there is a street of Shamil Usmanov.
