The concept of perestroika came from the initiator and leader of plans for structural reform of the economy and the principles of state governance - Mikhail Gorbachev, who came to power in 1985. The USSR at that time was on the verge of a deep social and economic crisis. The arms race was a heavy burden on the country's budget. All spheres of life needed updating.
Instruction manual
1
The first shortcomings in public administration were discussed back in 1985, however, the actual start of perestroika was in 1987. Gradually, a global rethinking of international relations begins. The tension in relations between the USSR and the USA has decreased.
2
Large-scale changes began in late 1987. From that moment, a clear course was taken on the great economic transformations, changes in the political system and the formation of new thinking. Widespread changes began: literature, cinema, culture, international relations, politics, agriculture - perestroika affected all spheres of life in the country.
3
The main achievement of perestroika was the proclamation of a policy of publicity and the lifting of many bans. Private enterprise is legalized, many joint ventures with foreign companies are created.
4
In international politics, the main victory of perestroika was the fall of the Iron Curtain. This has led to a completely new look in international relations with all states in the world. The USSR is no longer the "evil empire"; now this state is open and friendly.
5
In addition to the obvious advantages, the period of perestroika leads to general instability in all areas of life. The economy is gradually starting to deteriorate, and the new financial system is unstable.
6
On the outskirts of a vast state, the ideas of separatism are born and mature. The first clashes on a national basis are taking place. The once powerful state begins to literally crack at all seams, which ultimately led to its collapse.
7
In 1989, the USSR completely withdraws Soviet troops from Afghanistan. The Soviet Union ceases to support socialist regimes on the territory of other states. The socialist camp is crumbling. A significant event of that time was the fall of the Berlin Wall and the unification of Germany.
8
The beginning of the 90s was the logical conclusion of perestroika. The crisis in the economy deepened more and more, the level of crime is constantly growing, and discontent is ripening in society. The foundations of the ideology of Marxism, as well as the 1917 revolution itself, are criticized. General anti-communist sentiments and empty store shelves finally completed the collapse of perestroika.
9
The consequences of perestroika are extremely mixed. Its significance in history will be repeatedly rethought by future generations. The positive aspects of perestroika include glasnost and the acquisition by society of social and political freedoms. However, many bloody wars and the collapse of the USSR are still considered the most tragic moments in recent history.
- Perestroika - positive and negative points
- Perestroika Gorbachev and its results
