The poetic dimensions allow the poet to create a rhythmic poetic work. Classical Russian poetry is represented mainly in the syllabonic tonic system of versification (from the Greek syllabe - syllable, tonos - stress), that is, this way of organizing the verse in which stressed and unstressed syllables are ordered in alternating order in all lines.
In syllabic-tonic versification, two-syllable and three-syllable classical sizes are distinguished. The iambic and trochee belong to the two-syllable sizes, the dactyl, amphibrach, and anapaest to the three-syllable ones, and if the former are more in tune with the dance-music rhythm of the poem, the latter are already closer to natural spoken language and intonationally more flexible. Between stressed syllables in three-syllable sizes are two unstressed syllables. The sizes themselves, both two-syllable and three-syllable, differ only by anacruz, i.e. the number of unstressed syllables preceding the first stressed in the line. It can, in turn, be zero, monosyllabic and two-syllable, creating in each case a certain rhythmic background of the verse. Dactyl (from the Greek. Daktylos - finger) is a three-syllable size in which the stress falls on the first syllable, that is, a size that has zero anacruz. It creates an exciting, disturbing, but at the same time measured and monotonous rhythm of the poem, reminiscent of the sounds of the surf, as if the waves are breaking on the shore. An illustration of the dactyl can be found in F. Tyutchev: Duma after duma, wave after wave - Two manifestations of one element: Whether in the heart is cramped, in the vast sea, Here - in custody, there - in the vast, The same everlasting surf and rebound, That all the ghost is alarmingly empty. The monosyllabic anacruz has amphibrachium (from the Greek. Amphi - on both sides, brachys - short), which literally means "short on both sides." Here the stress falls on the second syllable, and the first and third syllables in the foot are unstressed. As the amphibrachian Konstantin Balmont described in the article "Russian language", "it has the swing of an old waltz and a sea wave." This flexible and plastic rhythm is especially close to colloquial speech and therefore is especially captivating. Amphibrachius wrote the following poem by A. Maykov, which can be considered as an example: Ah, a wonderful sky, by golly, above this classic Rome, Under such a sky you involuntarily become an artist. Nature and people here are different, as if pictures From the bright verses of the anthology of Ancient Hellas. The three-syllable size of anapest (from the Greek anapaistos - reflected back) is also called the inverse dactyl, or antidactyl. It has a two-syllable anacruz, consisting of two syllables, and the emphasis falls on the third. According to the description of K. Balmont, it is "a size full of gloomy expressiveness, a heavy and calculated blow." The poet sees in the dactyl a hand with a sword that "slowly rises, swings and fights." At the same time, the listener has a feeling of frankly excited speech, as if he begins to feel the inconsistent breath of the narrator: “Sound is approaching. And, submissive to the aching sound
."(A. Block).
