The immutable parts of speech differ from the variable ones in that they have no endings. Such parts of speech cannot be changed, and in the text they are used in the same form. In accordance with the school curriculum, these include service parts of speech, participles, adverbs, interjections and onomatopoeic words.
Instruction manual
1
The official parts of speech include words to which it is impossible to ask a question. These words have no lexical meaning, because they do not denote either an object, a sign, or an action. Their only function is auxiliary. They serve to express the relationship between objects, actions or signs, as well as to connect them together in a phrase and sentence. When parsing a sentence, the service parts of speech are skipped because they are not any members of the sentence.
Service parts of speech are:
- particles (“would”, “whether”, “only”, “not”, “only”);
- unions ("a", "but", "and", "so that", "because");
- prepositions ("in", "under", "through").
2
The participle refers to the independent parts of speech. You can ask him questions “How?”, “What are you doing?”, “What are you doing?”. The participle is a non-definitive form of the verb, meaning an additional action in the main action. The participles preserve the form of the verb from which they are formed, and one of the verb attributes is transitivity. Like the verb, the participle can be reflexive and irretrievable, and also take the form of a perfect and imperfect form.
An imperfect view means that an additional action is not yet completed. An inferior participle is formed from the present verb stem using the suffix "a" after hissing ("breathing"), the suffix "I" in other cases ("loving") and "learn" from the verb "to be" ("being").
A perfect view means that the additional action by the time the main action begins, expressed by the verb-predicate, is already over. Imperfect participles are formed using the suffixes "in" ("eating"), "lice" ("eating"), "shea" ("coming") from the infinitive verb or the verb in the form of the past tense and using the suffix "hanging up" ("fed up") from reflexive verbs.
The sentence of the sacrament is a circumstance.
3
An adverb is an independent part of speech, which denotes a sign of an object, action, or some other sign. In a sentence, an adverb can be attributed to a verb, participle, participle, noun, adjective, or other adverb. Adverbs have no endings and cannot be changed. In the sentence, adverbs most often fulfill the function of circumstance, but they can play the role of the predicate. The following groups of adverbs are distinguished by designation:
- the way of action (“How?”, “How?”), for example: “reliable”;
- time ("When?", "How long?", "How long?"), for example: "in the summer", "long";
- places (“Where?”, “Where?”, “Where?”), for example: “far”, “home”;
- reasons (“Why?”), for example: “hotly”;
- goals (“Why?”), for example: “on purpose”;
- measures and degrees (“How much?”, “How much?”, “To what extent?”, “To what extent?”), for example: “a little”, “a lot.”
Separately in Russian, adverbs are highlighted that indicate a sign of action. These are indicative ("from there"), indefinite ("somehow"), interrogative ("why") and negative ("never") adverbs.
4
Interjections perform the function of conveying feelings and emotions, without naming the subject, nor the action, nor the sign, for example, “ah”, “oh”, “wow”, “wow”, “br-r”.
5
Onomatopoeic words are created to express sounds of animate and inanimate nature, for example: “ku-ku”, “woof”, “meow”, etc. They also do not change.
