The collapse of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics has a number of reasons, both objective and subjective. An unbiased study of the totality of these causes shows that the collapse of such an entity as the USSR was inevitable. Almost from the day of its official foundation, the USSR was doomed.
Instruction manual
1
By 1991 - the year of official collapse - the USSR came up with indicators of complete degradation and decline in all main areas: economic, ideological, military, infrastructural and administrative.
2
Ideology. For 70 years of rule on one sixth of the land, communist ideology has exhausted itself and completely discredited the main - originally stillborn - Marxist-Leninist teaching.
3
A crisis of the genre has ripened in society: civil society was not simply not formed, but destroyed in ten years by the efforts of the CPSU and the KGB in principle. Any of its manifestations were destroyed at the embryonic level.
4
All official civic institutions carried offensive, demagogic-sophistic discourse.
5
Every year, partly due to economic degradation, in some republics, ethnic conflicts intensified, which were suppressed by the authorities. Many representatives of national communities became dissidents, severely prosecuted or served sentences of imprisonment, such as: Mustafa Dzhemilev, Paruyr Hayrikyan, Zviad Gamsakhurdia, Abulfaz Elchibey, Andranik Margaryan.
6
Violation of elementary civil rights and freedoms in the USSR was the basic rule of existence: a ban on traveling abroad, a ban on freedom of religion, censorship, ethnic oppression of the so-called "guilty peoples": Chechens, Jews, Crimean Tatars, Meskhetian Turks. The KGB has always paid special attention to people from Western Ukraine and the Baltic republics.
7
Economic + military reasons: since the beginning of the 1950s, the USSR not only got involved in the arms race, it imposed it on the world. And if in the very beginning of the 50s, thanks to the breakthrough of engineering in the military aviation and space industry, the USSR managed to get ahead of the rest of the countries left behind the Iron Curtain, then by the end of the 70s history turned its back on the USSR. The country was rapidly degrading, and the curve of its economy was rapidly rushing to full zero, since all efforts were aimed at an arms race with a complete decline in scientific, technical and intellectual progress.
8
The middle of the 80s of the last century brought another “surprise” to the USSR - world oil prices fell sharply in the world: about $ 10-30 per barrel. In this regard, the country, which was one of the largest oil exporters, went into a deadly tailspin and completely lost its position both as the leader of the socialist camp and as a superpower.
9
The economic situation has become catastrophic: everyday shortages of essential goods, food crisis, while funding and support for "friendly" countries did not decrease, with a socialist development path: Cuba, Angola, Vietnam, Laos, North Korea, etc.
10
Managerial degradation: in the early 80s in the USSR, among other things, managerial collapse also occurred. The Kremlin elders who ruled the country did not understand not only that they were promptly taking the whole USSR to the grave with them, but that they did not leave a single significant and unconventional-minded individual who could become a crisis manager for the country.
eleven
Party functionaries who seized power at the turn of the era - Mikhail Gorbachev, Boris Yeltsin - were only two sides of the same coin, which was thrown into the air by history, and bets on which, like an eagle or tails, were made by personal ambitions and interests stretching the country in different directions numerous close and gray cardinals.
12
In the end, the gerontological areopagus was divided into three zones of influence - the Emergency Committee, the team supporting Yeltsin and a few support Gorbachev. The former and the latter finally lost both the country and the arms race. However, as time has shown, the average team was not able to change the depressing reality.
thirteen
Officially, the USSR ordered a long life twice: December 8, 1991 - the day when Leonid Kravchuk, Boris Yeltsin and Stanislav Shushkevich signed the Bialowieza conspiracy, and December 25 of the same year, when Mikhail Gorbachev resigned as First President of the USSR.
