Human rights and freedoms are reflected in the most important international document adopted by the UN - in the Declaration of Human Rights. In our country, the rights and freedoms of man and citizen are guaranteed by the Constitution.
Instruction manual
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The concept of human rights and freedoms has come into use since the end of the 18th century, when a wave of revolutions swept through Europe. But humanity has come to him for several centuries, and in the form in which we know it now, it is reflected in the Declaration adopted by the United Nations in the 20th century. And the main document of our country, the Constitution, also includes a guarantee of the rights and freedoms of man and citizen. Why such a division? As a rule, civil rights and freedoms relate to a person as belonging to a state, with its political system. Therefore, in the narrow sense, such rights and freedoms are called political: these are suffrage, freedom of association, the right to participate in government, etc. These and other rights and freedoms are reflected in the 2nd chapter of the Constitution.
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All people also have rights and freedoms independent of their citizenship. These are the so-called personal rights and freedoms. Among them are the right to life, honor and dignity, personal inviolability, freedom of conscience, religion, place of residence, the right to defense in court, etc. All of them overlap with the rights and freedoms of a citizen, so this division is very arbitrary. As for our Constitution, in some of its paragraphs there is an indication of a citizen of the Russian Federation, in this case they do not apply to universal human law.
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In addition to personal and political, all human rights and freedoms can also be divided into socio-economic and cultural, although this division is also fairly arbitrary, since the same concepts can be included in several groups at once. So, the right to private property, housing, medical care, an eight-hour working day, etc.; cultural ones - freedom of creativity, the right to education, the right to a favorable environment, and some others.
