For a believer, the existence of the Most High is self-evident and does not need theoretical confirmation. However, in the history of religious and philosophical thought there have been many examples of how speculative reasoning can deduce the necessity of God's being.
Instruction manual
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The very first evidence of the existence of God as the Absolute, that is, the bearer of all qualities in superlative degree, dates back to the ancient Greek philosopher Anaxagoras. He believed that the complex and diverse cosmos (the universe, as will be said later) is streamlined due to the fact that it was created and controlled by the supreme mind ("Nus"). Later, the development of the theory of the Absolute will appear in Aristotle, who believed that each material thing has its own reason, that - its own reason, and so on - to God, who has a root cause in himself.
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In the XI century, Anselm of Canterbury offered his ontological argument in favor of the existence of God. He argued that God is the Absolute, possessing all attributes (qualities) in superlative degree. Since existence is the first attribute of any substance (as Aristotle suggested in his categorical structure), God necessarily has being. However, Anselm was criticized for the fact that not every thing that a person can think of exists in reality.
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Aristotelian ideas, as well as its logical structure, were close in spirit to the medieval scholastics. The Divine Doctor, Thomas Aquinas, formulated in the Sumy of Theology five classical proofs of the existence of God. First: every thing has a reason for moving outside of itself, the prime mover, which itself does not move, is God. Second: every thing has an essential cause outside itself, except for God, who is the first essence, and therefore the reason for everything in the world. Third: all existing things originate from a higher essence, which has absolute being - it is God. Fourth: earthly things are characterized by varying degrees of perfection and they all go back to an absolutely perfect God. Fifth: all essences in the world are connected by goal-setting, this chain starts from God, who sets the goal for everything. This is the so-called posterior evidence, that is, going from the given to the intelligible.
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Immanuel Kant, who is credited with creating the famous sixth proof of the existence of God, raises this topic in his Critique of Practical Mind. The idea of God according to Kant is inherent in every person. The presence in the soul of a categorical imperative (the idea of a higher moral law), which sometimes prompts one to act contrary to practical use, testifies in favor of the existence of the Almighty.
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Pascal later considered the appropriateness of faith in God from the point of view of game theory. You can not believe and behave immorally or be well-intentioned, albeit experiencing some of the hardships of a righteous life. In the end, a person who has chosen the side of God will either lose nothing or gain paradise. The unbeliever will either lose nothing or go to hell. Faith will obviously do more good anyway. However, religious philosophers (in particular, Frank) questioned the "quality" of such faith and its value to God.
