Forests, fields, meadows, swamps and lakes are examples of natural ecosystems, or biogeocenoses. They have relatively uniform environmental conditions and are formed by various populations of living organisms that live together and interact with each other and with inanimate nature. In addition, ecosystems are subject to human intervention.
In the ecological system, the community of living beings, together with the physical environment of their habitat, functions as a whole. Lakes are considered natural bodies of water with stagnant water located in depressions of the land. They are flowing and drainless, fresh and salty. Lake biogeocenosis consists of the organisms that inhabit the body of water, the physical and chemical properties of water, the characteristics of the bottom topography, composition and structure of the soil. The ecosystem is also affected by atmospheric air interacting with the surface of the water, solar radiation and other factors. More and more weight is gaining influence on the part of man. People can use lake ecosystems in different ways. The oldest option for the operation of lakes is fishing, because the very structure of lake biogeocenoses favors breeding and fishing. You can breed not only fish, but also algae, and various other organisms that are then used in cooking, pharmacology and other areas of the national economy. Man uses lake water to water animals, for watering plants and for domestic purposes. The fertile sludge extracted from the bottom of the lake can be used as fertilizer in agriculture. Since the remains of plants and animals have been rotting for centuries in it, it is particularly nutritious. This natural fertilizer surpasses the quality of most artificial chemical analogues. Ponds and the surrounding territories are used by humans for recreation and recreation, tourism and sports. Large lakes can also be used as transport routes connecting different points on land. Despite the fact that biogeocenosis is relatively stable over time and is a self-regulating and self-sustaining system, it can undergo significant changes, up to the transition to another type of ecological community. So, under certain circumstances, the lake can grow and turn into a swamp. This happens when the reducers (organisms that process waste) cease to cope with the burden imposed on them. At the same time, the species composition of the inhabitants and the characteristics of the reservoir change. Naturally, man can no longer exploit the swamp like a lake that used to be. Using lake ecosystems, people should be aware of the environmental consequences that this or that manipulation can lead to. For rational nature management it is necessary to know the structure and functioning mechanisms of natural communities.
