In the Russian Empire at the beginning of the 20th century, left-wing movements are gaining strength. The first parties created during this period were under police control and were banned. The party of socialists - revolutionaries also belongs to them. The political party began to rapidly gain strength through its ideas to overthrow the autocracy and establish a democratic system
The emergence of the party of socialists - revolutionaries
The difficult situation in the Russian Empire at the beginning of the 20th century led to the emergence of many political parties of various kinds. The party was a meeting of like-minded people deciding on the future fate of the Russian state. Each party had its own political program and representatives in different parts of Russia.
All political parties and movements were banned, and their representatives were forced to go underground. However, the first Russian revolution changed the policy of the authorities. Importer Nicholas II was forced to give the people a manifesto in which he allowed important democratic freedoms. One of them was the opportunity to freely create political parties.
The first political circle was created in 1894 in Saratov. These were representatives of the socialists - revolutionaries. The organization at that time was banned and operated underground. Party leader was elected Viktor Mikhailovich Chernov. At first, they maintained contact with representatives of the former revolutionary organization Narodnaya Volya. Later, the Volunteers were dispersed, and the Saratov organization began to spread its influence.
The Saratov circle included representatives of a radically minded intelligentsia. After the dispersal of the People’s Volunteers, the Socialist Revolutionaries developed their own program of action and began to work independently. Socialists - revolutionaries created their own printed organ, which was released in 1896. A year later, the party began to operate in Moscow.
Socialist-Revolutionary Party Program
The official date of formation of the party is 1902. It consisted of several groups. One of the party’s cells was engaged in terrorist attacks against dignitaries. So in 1902, terrorists attempted the assassination of the Minister of the Interior. As a result, the party was dissolved. Instead of a single political organization, small units remained that could not wage a constant struggle.
The fate of the party changed during the first Russian revolution. Emperor Nicholas II authorized the creation of political organizations. So the party again appeared in the political arena. V. M. Chernov, the leader of the Social Revolutionaries, saw the need to attract peasants to the struggle for power. He relied on peasant rebellion.
At the same time, the party created its own program of action. The main directions of the party's work were the overthrow of the autocracy, the establishment of a democratic republic, and universal suffrage. It was supposed to carry out a revolution, the driving force of which was to become the peasantry.
Power struggle methods
The most common method of struggle for power for the Socialist Revolutionary Party is to become individual terror, and then to conduct a revolution. Socialists - revolutionaries tried to achieve their goals through political bodies. Representatives of the party during the Great October Revolution joined the Provisional Government, which was subsequently dispersed.
The Socialist-Revolutionaries called for pogroms of landowner estates and terrorist acts. Over the entire existence of the party, more than 200 murders of high-ranking officials have been committed.
During the period of the Provisional Government, a split occurred in the Socialist Revolutionary Party. The fragmented movement of the socialists - revolutionaries did not bring good results. The left and right wing of the party fought by their own methods, but they did not succeed in achieving goals. The party was unable to extend its influence to all segments of the population and began to lose control of the peasantry.
