A country is a territory that has certain boundaries. It may have state independence (sovereignty) or be under the authority of another state. Today, there are more than 250 states and territories worldwide. All countries of the world have their own economic, political and social situation.
Instruction manual
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The state has a strictly limited territory to which sovereignty extends. The state territory includes land and subsoil, inland waters, territorial waters (adjacent to the land of the oceans) and also airspace lying above the waters and land. The spatial boundaries of states are indicated by land and sea borders, along which one country is separated from another.
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The countries of the world vary in the size of the territory (large, medium, small), population, geographical location (peninsular, island, intracontinental), natural resource potential, religious and historical signs. States have a different form of government (republic, monarchy), administrative-territorial structure (unitary, federal). The island countries include the UK, New Zealand, Cuba, Ireland. To the peninsular - India, Norway, Portugal, Italy. Inland countries are the majority of countries without water borders. According to the territorial principle, the seven largest countries are distinguished - Russia, Canada, China, the USA, Brazil, Australia and India.
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According to the level of socio-economic development of the state are classified into developed countries with market economies, countries with economies in transition and developing countries. Almost all countries of Western Europe, Canada, USA, Japan, Israel, Australia and New Zealand, South Africa are referred to the first. All these states have a high level of social and economic development. Countries with economies in transition are the states of Eastern Europe, Russia, Albania, China, Vietnam, the former Soviet republics, and Mongolia. Developing countries include most of the countries of Asia, Africa, Latin America. A special subgroup includes oil exporting countries. These are Algeria, Venezuela, Indonesia, Iraq, Iran, Kuwait, Qatar, Libya, Nigeria, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Brunei, Bahrain and others. An indicator of the level of socio-economic development is, above all, the value of the country's gross domestic product (GDP). Its dimensions express the total value of the final goods and services that are released on the territory of their country. In addition, the level and quality of life, which are determined by a combination of indicators — life expectancy, level of education, unemployment, consumption of goods and services, and the state of the environment — is of great importance.
