Sociology is an important science that operates with a host of different terms and definitions. One of them in sociology is migration. This is the name of the relocation or movement of people from one region (or country) to another over a long distance.
Terms and definitions in migration
People who migrate from one region to another are called migrants. Migration can be of different types. Distinguish between external and internal migration. External migration includes intercontinental and interstate resettlement. Internal migration refers to the relocation of people within their own country. People who have moved outside the country are called emigrants. People who moved to this country are immigrants. The difference between the numbers of these people is called the migration balance.
In total, there are about 36 different definitions of the term “migration”.
Statistics
In 2010, the International Organization for Migration published a report on the number of international migrants. Then the figure was 215 million people, that is 3.1% of the population of the whole world. It is estimated that if this rate of migration continues, then in 2050 a figure of 405 million people is expected. The largest migration corridors in the world are Mexico-USA, Russia-Ukraine, Kazakhstan-Russia.
What types of migration exist
There are various types of migration. For example, these include seasonal migration of tourists and agricultural workers, migration from rural to urban areas, migration from city to rural area. Migration from villages to cities is called urbanization, and migration from a city to a countryside is called ruralization. Other types of migration include pilgrimage and nomadism, temporary and long-term migration, pendulum and cross-border migration.
The forms distinguish between two types of migration - unorganized and generally organized. Depending on the cause, migration can be economic, social, cultural, political and military. At the stages of migration, decision making, territorial movement and adaptation are distinguished.
