Alexander Zinoviev - philosopher, dissident, sociologist and writer. He did not like to hide thoughts, always wrote and said what was on his mind, despite the possible consequences.
Family, early years
Alexander Alexandrovich was born in the village of Pakhtino (Kostroma region), date of birth - October 29, 1922. His father painted churches, often went to Moscow to work. After the revolution, he was engaged in decoration. Sasha's mother was a peasant.
The boy stood out for his abilities, he immediately fell into the 2nd grade. Zinoviev Sr. often brought magazines and books from the city. Sasha loved to read, studied well, was interested in philosophy, sociology, appreciated the works of Marx Karl and Engels Friedrich. Young Zinoviev was an idealist, dreamed of a new world, did not recognize authority.
After school, Sasha began his studies at MIFLI, that period was not easy for him. He was outraged by the affairs of Stalin, together with his friends he wanted to kill him. After Zinoviev criticized Stalin at the Komsomol meeting, he was expelled from the university and the Komsomol, sent to a psychiatrist, and summoned to the Lubyanka.
A series of interrogations followed, but the young man managed to escape. He hid for a year. In 1940, Alexander joined the army, declared that he had lost his passport and was called Zenoviev.
During the war, he studied at an aviation school, fought only in the last months of hostilities. In 1946, Zinoviev was discharged and returned to the capital, where he moved his mother and brothers. He began to study at Moscow State University, graduating from high school with honors.
Scientific activity
After receiving education, Zinoviev went to graduate school, twice tried to defend his candidate. For the third time, his friend Kantor Karl helped him.
In 1955, Alexander became a junior research fellow at the Institute of Philosophy. In that period, the formation of logic as a science began. The first articles of Zinoviev were rejected; they were first published in 1957. Later, Alexander Alexandrovich became a senior research fellow, and then a doctor of sciences.
He was engaged in teaching at MIPT, Moscow State University, giving a course in philosophy. In 1966, Zinoviev became a professor, worked at Moscow State University, where he headed the department of logic.
In the 70s, the scientist's works were published abroad, they were devoted to logic. Zinoviev wrote about 40 books in the field of sociology, ethics, social philosophy, sociology, political thought.
However, Zinoviev completely did not take into account the official ideology of the USSR, therefore his position was precarious in the scientific community. When the Khrushchev thaw ended, the scientist was fired from the institute, expelled from the party, deprived of scientific ranks, academic degrees, and awards were selected.
Zinoviev lived by selling books from his home library, and he was also helped by friends and kind people. In 1978, he was expelled from the country, deprived of citizenship. Alexander Alexandrovich settled in Munich.
He perceived perestroika negatively, he considered the collapse of the USSR a tragedy. In 1996, Zinoviev returned to Russia. He died in 2006, he was 83 years old.
