A poet, artist, art historian, literary critic, lecturer, person whose views on cultural heritage and ironic attitude to history were not shared by the Soviet leadership - Kiriyenko-Voloshin Maximilian.
Biography
Voloshin Maksimilian (real name is Kiriyenko-Voloshin) was born on May 16 (28), 1877 in Kiev, Ukraine. In the boy’s blood, there were Zaporizhzhya Cossacks on the father’s side and Germans on the mother’s side. At 3 years old, Maximilian was left without a father, and the family moved to Taganrog, then to Moscow, where they lived until 1893, until his mother acquired a land plot in Koktebel, Crimea.
The boy received secondary education at Theodosia Gymnasium (1897). Then I went to study at Moscow University. During the years of study, he became involved in revolutionary activities and after participating in the All-Russian student strike (February 1900) was expelled. To avoid a heavier punishment, he went to the construction of the railway, where he felt an incredible rapprochement with antiquity, the culture of Asia, and a little later - Western Europe.
Maximilian visited a number of countries (Italy, France, Greece, Switzerland, Germany, Austria-Hungary), where he got acquainted with the cultural heritage of local residents. He was especially inspired by Paris, in which he saw the center of spiritual life. It was in Paris that Voloshin repeatedly lived for a long time in the period 1901-1916. There he took lessons in engraving and drawing.
Also often he was in both Russian capitals. However, he spent most of his time in the "house of the poet" (in Koktebel), where he often invited writers, artists, artists and scientists.
As a literary critic, Voloshin made his debut in 1899 with a small review without a signature in the journal Russian Thought. The first major article appeared in May 1900. In total, Voloshin has more than 100 articles on Russian and French culture, literature and theater.
In 1914, Voloshin dared to write a letter to the Minister of War of Russia with the refusal of military service and participation in the "bloody massacre" of the First World War.
More than once Voloshin published articles criticizing Verkharn. In 1919, the book "Verkharn. Fate. Creativity. Translations" was published.
How the poet Voloshin began to develop in 1900. In 1910, he published the book "Poems. 1900-1910." The second collection of poems "Selva oscura" was compiled in the early 20s of the XX century, but was never published. Later, part of the poems entered the book "Iverni" (1916). Maximilian often wrote poetry about the war. In them he processed the images and techniques of poetic rhetoric. Part of the poems of that period were included in the 1919 book "Deaf and Mute", and part - in 1923 in the book "Poems about Terror." A huge part of Voloshin’s work remained unpublished.
In the period 1914-1926. Voloshin wrote several artworks: "Spain. By the Sea", "Pink Twilight", "Moon Whirlwind", etc. He has a total of 8 paintings.
Since 1923, state pressure on Voloshin began, due to which the publication of his works was banned from 1928 to 1961.
Voloshin Maximilian died in 1932 in Koktebel. He was buried on Mount Kuchuk-Yanyshar near Koktebel.
