The bicameral parliamentary system is inherent in many states of the world. For the most part, the division of parliament into upper and lower houses is inherent in successful, developed countries.
Instruction manual
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A bicameral parliament is a structure of parliament in which this representative body consists of two chambers. There are other names for this term - Bicameralism, Bicameralism, Bicameral system. In addition, in different states there are different names for each house.
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In the world today there are more than 70 countries with a bicameral parliamentary system. Among them are both unitary states and federations, both republics and monarchies. As a rule, these are states with positive economic and social indicators. These include countries such as the USA, Germany, Australia, France, Belgium, Austria, Switzerland, Japan, Great Britain, Spain, Italy, Canada, the Netherlands and many others. In addition, the parliament of the Russian Federation is also bicameral. It is called the Federal Assembly and consists of the State Duma and the Federation Council.
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The chambers of parliament are not equal in composition, terms of reference and formation order. There is a division into lower and upper chambers. Often laws are considered and adopted by representatives of the lower house, and then submitted for approval to the upper house. In turn, its representatives can either approve or reject the law without amending it.
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The main function of the upper house in parliament is stabilizing. It minimizes conflict situations between the branches of government in the state, does not allow the adoption of dubious and contradictory laws that are not financially and humanly confirmed. Thanks to this, the president practically does not use his right to veto the bill. The upper house partly relieves the Constitutional Court of many tasks, as it carefully analyzes every legislative norm that has left the lower house of parliament. Thus, people trust the authorities more. In addition, the bicameral system allows for proportional representation of the population of each region of the country.
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The upper house is often formed in a less democratic way than the lower one: the age limit for representatives is higher; not all residents of the country can elect deputies, but regional authorities. In addition, the upper house may not be an elected body at all. Thus, the bicameral system provides more conservatism in decision-making of national importance, less likely to drastic changes.
