Terenty Semenovich Maltsev is the greatest peasant of the 20th century and an honorary academician, twice a Hero of Socialist Labor and a State Prize laureate, at the same time a “simple field farmer, ” who connected his whole life with one small Ural village. A lot has been written about this legendary man.
Terenty Maltsev: biography
He was born in a poor peasant family on October 29 (November 10), 1895 in the village of Maltsevo (Shadrinsky district of the Perm province, now Shadrinsky district of the Kurgan region). Known for his limitless contribution to the agricultural industry.
Even in his youth, the famous Terenty Maltsev vowed not to leave his native village and work here all his life. And in this oath he remained faithful - he lived almost 100 years in his native village. Despite all the difficulties and pressure of those in power that Terenty Semenovich had to deal with, he not only resisted their onslaught, but through numerous field experiments he was able to refute dogmatic beliefs about agriculture, create an entirely new system based on the mistakes of the past and the results of the present tillage.
Terenty was drawn to education, he wanted to learn to read and write. Secretly, wherever necessary, he recognized letters and numbers. There was no paper and a pencil - he wrote with a stick in the snow, in the summer - in the sand.
On the collective farm field, Maltsev developed those agricultural practices that are now accepted everywhere, and here a new farming system was born, which serves a noble purpose - increasing the fertility of man-cultivated lands. In the huge field laboratory into which the collective farm arable land turned, non-standard, bold ideas were born. Proven and tested by practice, they eventually embodied in the famous Maltsev system of agriculture.
At the end of the forties, he set up extensive experiments on the collective farm "Lenin's Testament", sowing cereals on unplowed soil. It turned out that in this case, perennial and annual plants, which were previously divided into “destroyers” and “restorers” of fertility, leave more organic substances in the earth than they consume.
Work with Lysenko
In the late 1940s, Maltsev risked even more - he took up the cultivation of one of the varieties of wheat proposed by the omnipotent Lysenko, but in fact began to continue experiments with fields that do not plow but loosen. The enthusiasm and creative approach of the field worker came to the liking of Trofim Denisovich.
So that Terenty Semenovich was not prevented from doing the assignment, Lysenko personally sent a letter to I.V. Stalin with justification to organize an experimental agricultural plant at the collective farm. And in the summer of 1950, an experimental station was created in the village "for conducting experiments with the Maltsev field crop operator" with a staff of three people: the director, his deputy and the farm manager. Thus, the farmer received a mandate guaranteeing him absolute immunity from all authorized and local leaders. In the spring of 1953, the Presidium of the USSR Academy of Sciences instructed a team of scientists from the Soil Institute, the Research Institute of Plant Physiology and the Research Institute of Microbiology of the USSR Academy of Sciences to study and substantiate the results of the Shadrinsk Experimental Station and the new farming system.
Chronology
In the years 1916-1917. Military service.
In 1917-1921 was in captivity in Germany.
Since 1930 - field crop of the collective farm "Testament of Lenin" Shadrinsky district of Kurgan region.
In 1935, he was a delegate to the 2nd All-Union Congress of Collective Farmers-Drummers.
Honorary Member of the CPSU since 1939.
1946 - receiving the Stalin Prize.
Since 1950, he directed the experimental station at the collective farm, created by direct order of Stalin.
Since 1951, he developed a subsurface tillage system, which included a plow of its own design and a five-field farming system with minimal tillage.
On August 7, 1954, the All-Union Conference was held in the village of Maltsevo, which lasted three days. The meeting took place after arriving July 14, 1954 in the village of N. S. Khrushchev. More than 1000 people came to the meeting instead of 300 invited. Over the next 2.5 years, about 3.5 thousand people came to get acquainted with the new system. The scientific part of the meeting was led by T. D. Lysenko.
In 1969, he was a delegate to the 3rd All-Union Congress of Collective Farmers.
Maltsev participated in nine congresses of the CPSU, was a deputy of many convocations of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR and the Supreme Council of the USSR.
He died on August 11, 1994 at the age of 98.
Awards and Titles
- twice Hero of Socialist Labor.
- six orders of Lenin
- Order of the October Revolution
- two orders of the Red Banner of Labor
- Order of the Badge of Honor
- medal "For valiant labor in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945."
- The big gold medal of the All-Union Agricultural Exhibition (1940).
- The big gold medal named after I.V. Michurin (1954).
- Honored Worker of Agriculture of the USSR
- Prize named after V.R. Williams (1973).
- Order "Star of Friendship of Peoples" in gold (1986; East Germany).
- Honorary Citizen of Russia - for special services to the people "in the preservation and development of the best traditions of the Russian peasantry"
- Honorary Citizen of the Kurgan Region (January 29, 2003 - posthumously)
- The Stalin Prize of the third degree (1946) - for the improvement of varieties of grain and vegetable crops and for the development and introduction into agriculture of advanced agrotechnical methods of agriculture, which ensured high yields in the conditions of arid Zauralie.
