Since the time of the primitive communal system, the structure of society has become many times more complicated. With the advent of new social groups, previous management methods are outdated. For the effective functioning of society as a socio-legal system, the emergence of a special regulatory mechanism was necessary, which became politics.
The emergence of politics is a historically logical process, caused by objective reasons. A man, living in a small tribe, every day entered into a terrible battle with the world of wildlife. Obeying the will of the leader, the distant ancestor of modern man had to solve the paramount task - to survive.
When people learned to raise cattle, sow bread and build reliable dwellings, the quality of their life reached a fundamentally new level. Now people stopped massively dying on the hunt, everyone had enough food, and even surpluses appeared. The ruling circles tried not only to increase their wealth, but also to consolidate the right to use it. The desire to possess material wealth is one of the first prerequisites for the emergence of politics.
Another reason for the complexity of the governance structure in the ancient world was the threat of war. Often, after another natural disaster, the tribe lost most of its livestock and crops. To feed themselves, people attacked other tribes. And the threat of ruin prompted the leaders to unite in tribal alliances to jointly confront the enemies. But during the unification, not one of the ancient rulers wanted to lose their own power and privileges, which means that it was necessary to accept a number of favorable conditions on which the creation of the union would occur. So the structure of society gradually became more complicated, and the leaders began to comprehend the art of negotiation in order to protect the interests of the tribe and convince the allies of their rightness.
The development of politics received a new round with the advent of the first cities. The term "policy" itself is translated from Greek as a policy, i.e. town. For the organization of a stable life in the cities, the leader’s strong hand was no longer enough. New social problems appeared, a separation of powers was required, because physically, one person could no longer control all spheres of society. These and other factors contributed to the appearance of the first laws, the guarantor of which was the head of the city.
The ruler, as a rule, had opponents who wanted to take his place. But if in a primitive tribe a man could have become a leader, who challenged the incumbent ruler and defeated him, then in antiquity such questions were no longer resolved by force. It was necessary to rally supporters, convince society of the need for change, and take a number of measures to gain power. These conditions stimulated the development of politics.
