Michael Faraday is an English chemist and experimental physicist. The author of the doctrine of the electromagnetic field discovered electromagnetic induction, the basis of the industrial production of electricity.
Faraday named several scientific concepts, an asteroid, a lunar crater, units of electric capacity and electric charge in electrochemistry. Humanity will not forget it while it uses electricity.
Way to Vocation
The biography of Michael Faraday began in 1791 in the English village of Southwark. The future scientist was born in the family of a blacksmith on September 22. To help parents raise a brother and two sisters, a boy from the age of thirteen began working, leaving school. A messenger in a bookstore continued to be educated by reading books.
The young man set up experiments. He himself built the Leiden Bank. A nineteen-year-old guy entered the science club in 1810, where he listened to lectures of interest to him. A talented young man received the right to attend classes of the discoverer of electrochemistry Humphry Davy.
The young man stenographed the listening, bound and sent his work to the professor in the hope of work. Expectations came true. Michael from the age of 22 began to work as a laboratory assistant. He continued to attend lectures, often took part in their preparation.
With the consent of Davy, Faraday conducted his own chemical experiments. Hard work and amazing conscientiousness made the assistant an indispensable person for the professor. In 1813, Davy transferred Michael to the post of secretary. After a couple of years, Faraday was offered the honorary position of assistant professor. Simultaneously, the experiments continued.
In total, 30, 000 experiments were delivered to scientists. A description of each was recorded in the diary. All of these notes were fully published in 1931.
Scientific activity
The first collection was published in 1816. By 1819, 40 works of the "king of experiments" devoted to chemistry were published.
Thanks to numerous experiments with alloys, a young physicist in 1820 discovered the prevention of oxidation by adding nickel to steel. Industry was not interested in the novelty then. Only much later was the discovery of stainless steel patented. Michael in 1820 was the technical overseer of the Royal Institute.
The experimenter, quite famous in the scientific world, was engaged in physics since 1821. He was already quite famous in the scientific community. His work on the principle of operation of the electric motor came out. Experiments began on the interaction with electricity of a magnetic field.
Faraday’s work "On some new electromagnetic motions and on the theory of magnetism" was published. In his work, the experimenter described experiments with the conversion of electricity and mechanical using a magnetic needle.
The world's first electric motor was introduced. In early 1824, the young experimenter was included in the Royal Society of London. Several interesting discoveries in chemistry were made in 1824.
Signed Works
The experimenter was elected director of the laboratory of chemistry and physics at the Royal Institute in 1825. Starting in 1821, he did not publish any work. Professor Woolwich in 1833 became a professor of chemistry at the Royal Institute. The first mention of magnetism as a possible cause of the appearance of electric current appeared in the diary of a scientist in 1822. For a decade, the secret of electromagnetic induction was solved experimentally.
On August 23, 1831, the latest device was constructed, which became the basis of a brilliant discovery: an iron ring with multiple turns of copper wire wound on both halves. In the circuit with a closed wire of one of the parts of the ring was a magnetic arrow. The second part of the device was connected to the battery. When the current was connected, the arrow deviated in one direction, when disconnected, in the opposite direction.
The experimenter concluded that magnetism could convert magnetism into electricity. Based on electromagnetic induction, an electric generator was created. Empirically it was possible to prove the unity of the nature of the occurrence of electricity, regardless of the method of occurrence of electric current.
In 1832, the scientist received the Copley Medal. The experimenter invented the first transformer, discovered the concept of dielectric constant. It was experimentally confirmed in 1836 that the current charge affects only the conductor shell. The objects inside it remained untouched. The device created by the principle of the phenomenon was called a Faraday cage.
