According to the classification of the International Federation of Aeronautics, FAI, space flight is considered to be a flight whose height exceeds 100 km from ground level. The US Air Force gives a different interpretation of space travel, assuming that the altitude of such a flight exceeds 50 miles, which is 80 km 467 m. In Russia, space flight is called orbital flight, when you need to make a revolution around the Earth in one launch, regardless of distance. Every year, spacecraft with carefully trained crews take off in the world. The goals of flights differ from each other, but the craving for new discoveries and the study of other planets remain unchanged.
Flights into space have been going on for about 100 years. However, the first traveler was not a man, scientists, after much research and careful preparation, successfully transported several animals to the galaxy. Among these scouts were dogs, rabbits, even insects and microbes. Once, a small black mouse-astronaut stayed above the Earth for about 24 hours. After landing the ship on the ground, several white hair was found in the animal’s fur, which turned gray from cosmic rays, but the animal itself was alive and well.
After a successful experiment, a light-haired two-year-old dog, which weighed 5 kg, was sent to space. Such requirements for the parameters were dictated by the need; it is the easiest way to observe such an animal from the ground from a special device. Scientists insisted that a courtyard dog fly, and finally settled on Laika's candidacy. Despite the good flight conditions, the dog did not return from space. The legendary followers of Laika Squirrel and Strelka flew more successfully, and landed on the ground in due time. Only after that people began to fly on spaceships.
There are relatively few astronauts on earth, no more than 600 people, flights are made after the preparation of each pilot. In 2013, a native of the Magadan Region, Soyuz spacecraft commander Pavel Vinogradov went to space, for which, unlike his partner, rookie Roman Romanenko, this is the third flight.
On April 19, 2013 the crew went into outer space, where it was planned to open the access hatches. At least six exits should be reserved for this experiment. In the spring, Russian cosmonauts were instructed to install the equipment of the "Situation" experiment on the "Star" module. Such manipulation turned out to be necessary, a whole team of scientists worked on its development for more than one year. With the help of the installed station, it will be possible to study the plasma-wave processes in the planet's ionosphere on special monitors located on the ground.
But this is not the only task facing the astronauts; they still have to replace the target of the video meter. This will make it possible to find further contact between the ISS and the European cargo ship called ATV-4, and in the future to dismantle the panel with structural materials and one container with microorganisms.
For the first time in the history of astronautics, taxes were paid on board the ship via the Internet. Pavel Vinogradov The Soyuz TMA-07M crew has already made a safe landing on the ground, and on May 29, 2013 a new expedition is planned on another ship, the Soyuz TMA-09M. The future crew of the cosmonaut Roscosmos Fedor Yurchikhin, NASA astronaut Karen Nyberg and ESA astronaut Luke Parmitano is already undergoing training.
