The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics is a power whose fall was a shock to society and the largest geopolitical catastrophe of the 20th century. The formation of new states required large-scale changes at various levels.
Instruction manual
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The one-party system in the person of the CPSU and the Communist Party collapsed. The activities of the only party in the country at the end of 1991 were banned. Two years later, the entire system of Soviets of People's Deputies was liquidated. Gradually new parties and social movements appeared.
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1992 began with shock therapy in the form of price liberalization. The country has entered the path of market relations.
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Armed clashes as a result of ethnic conflicts in the territory of the former USSR. Hot spots: Nagorno-Karabakh, Georgia, Abkhazia, South Ossetia, Tajikistan, Transnistria, Chechnya. Over 8 years, approximately 5 million people became refugees, and about 100 thousand people died.
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National currencies appeared on the territory of the former Soviet republics, and the ruble zone fell apart.
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Instead of a single Armed Forces, military structures of individual states were formed. Employees of the former USSR were invited to take the oath of office in the corresponding new state or quit.
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Until 1997, friction between Russia and Ukraine on the status of the Black Sea Fleet continued. Then it was divided, and the St. Andrew flag appeared on Russian ships.
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Nuclear weapons from the former republics were exported to Russia. Kazakhstan, Ukraine and Belarus refused to be nuclear powers and transferred the atomic potential of the Russian Federation.
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After the collapse of the USSR, funding for Baikonur ceased. In 1994, an agreement was signed with Kazakhstan on a long-term lease of a spaceport.
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Independent states replaced Soviet passports with national ones. The citizenship of the population has changed. A visa regime has been established with Turkmenistan, Georgia, Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia.
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The territory of the Kaliningrad region was cut off from other regions of Russia. Crimea and the city of Sevastopol remained part of Ukraine, where they were transferred in 1954 as a sign of the reunification of Ukraine and Russia. Disagreement arose over the territorial boundaries between the new states. Some issues were resolved only by 2007.
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All 15 former republics are recognized by the world community as independent and are represented in the UN. In international affairs, Russia became a successor to the USSR, which is recognized by other states.
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Citizens of the exiled USSR experienced painful experiences, some could not adapt to the changes and realize themselves in the new society.
