Africa is the warmest continent on earth. This is where the birthplace of mankind is located. This is the mainland most diverse in ethnic composition of the population, on which hundreds of nationalities and thousands of different tribes live.
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Today, 54 independent countries with a total population of more than a billion people are located on the African continent. Each state has significant differences in economic development, territory, the number of nationalities and religions. From large ones such as Sudan, Congo, Libya, Algeria, to the smallest - Swaziland, Lesotho, Djibouti, Equatorial Guinea, Sao Tome and Principe. The most populated country in Africa is Nigeria. Its population is about 166 million people.
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The ethnic composition of the population of African countries is complex in a very large variety of large and small ethnic groups, 24 of which number more than five million people, and 83 - more than a million. The population is represented by various anthropological types belonging to different races. Most nationalities comprise many different tribes. According to scientists, there are about 7, 000 of them.
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The northern part of Africa is inhabited by Arabs and Berbers, who belong to the Indo-Mediterranean race. To the south of the Sahara, the population is represented by the peoples of the large Negro-Australoid race, which is divided into three small races - Negro, Negril, and Bushmen (they are distinguished by high growth).
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The peoples of the Ethiopian race live in Somalia and Ethiopia. This is an intermediate race between the Indo-Mediterranean and Negroid (wavy hair, narrow nose and thickened lips). The people of the geographic region of the Kalahari, the Hottentots, the Bushmen, belong to the Bushman race. They are distinguished by yellow-brown skin, a flatter face and thin lips. Colonization in southern Africa led to the emergence of a special type of people - colored people. The population of Madagascar is the Malagasy, distinguished by the peculiarity of mixing the South Asian (Mongolian) and Negroid races.
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An integral part of the African nationalities are countless tribes. From large to very small, consisting of only a few families. For example, the Hottentots include tribes: Herero, Damara, Grikva, Quran, etc. Ethiopian peoples Afar, Amhara, Kushits, Kafa include such tribes: Surma, Suri, Mursi. Also a huge variety of tribes are distinguished by relatively large southern peoples: Bantu, Zulu.
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In the jungle of equatorial Africa, there is a more famous people - the pygmies. Pygmies are short. This population also consists of many tribes, mostly wild. The civilization of the planet and progress in the development of society, leave less and less chances to preserve the primitive culture of the peoples and tribes of Africa.
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