According to the state system, Germany can be safely called a classic example of a country of a federal order. The subjects of its federation are 16 federal states with their constitutions, governments and legislative bodies.
Instruction manual
1
Germany is a parliamentary federal republic in its state structure. At the head of the country is the federal president, who is elected every 5 years by the Federal Assembly - a constitutional body created primarily for this purpose.
2
The German president has very limited powers, the main of which are the representation of the Federal Chancellor to the Bundestag and the dissolution of the lower house of parliament on the proposal of the head of government. His competence also includes the appointment of senior officers in the army, the presentation of state awards and the adoption of decisions to pardon convicts.
3
Legislative power in Germany is exercised by a bicameral parliament. The lower house of parliament is the Bundestag, and the upper one is the Bundesrat.
4
The Bundestag is elected by direct local vote by a majority system for a 4-year term. The main objective of his activities is lawmaking at the federal level.
5
Bundesrat deputies are not elected but appointed by the governments of their federal lands. It considers bills relating to the relationship between the federation and the land. Also, his competence includes the consideration of bills related to amendments to the current constitution.
6
The executive branch in Germany is represented by the federal government led by the Federal Chancellor. The main feature of the activities of the German government is that the state policy of the federal ministries is not carried out independently, but through the same executive bodies of the federal states of Germany. Only the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of the Interior and the Ministry of Defense make an exception.
7
In addition to ministries, the government also includes the Office of the Federal Chancellor and the Office of the Media, which are directly subordinate to the Federal Chancellor.
