Initially, the role of epaulettes was purely utilitarian. They served to secure the shoulder of the strap of the cartridge bag or bag-bag. And therefore there was only one epaulet and only among the rank and file. The officers had no shoulder straps. Gradually, army ammunition changed. At the end of the 19th century, the utilitarian function still persisted, but at the same time epaulettes served to distinguish soldiers and officers, as well as to determine membership in a regiment or division. Since 1943, epaulettes serve only to distinguish ranks.
Instruction manual
1
The rank and file is wearing red shoulder straps. Employees in parts of the airborne forces, aviation and space forces - blue. The sailors have epaulets of black color. On the field uniform epaulettes are removable, camouflage. There are no insignia on them.
2
Membership in the sergeant is determined by the presence of basting. Lycheka - a strip in the form of cloth galun. On the ceremonial and everyday form, the yellow ribbon, on the field - protective.
3
The first rank is Corporal. The insignia is one narrow transverse tab. Junior sergeant wears two narrow transverse straps on shoulder straps. Sergeant - three. On the shoulder straps of a senior sergeant - one wide transverse shoulder. And finally, the foreman on shoulder straps has one wide longitudinal tongue.
4
The next group is warrant officers. Their shoulder straps are very similar to the officers, but without gaps. Shoulder straps of green color, on a daily and ceremonial form, on the edges a narrow red edging. In aviation, space forces and airborne troops, the blue edging.
5
On the shoulder straps of the ensign there are two small metal stars arranged vertically. The senior warrant officer has three.
6
The officers wearing uniforms on a golden uniform, on everyday uniforms green, on summer white shirts white. On the field uniform epaulettes are removable, camouflage.
7
With the rank of junior lieutenant, junior officers begin. Their shoulder straps are decorated with one narrow vertical strip, a gap, and small metal stars (13 mm). On the everyday and ceremonial form, stars are made of yellow metal, and the lumen is red or blue. There is no clearance on the field form, the stars are green.
8
The junior lieutenants have one asterisk located on the lumen. The lieutenant has two on either side of the lumen. The senior lieutenant wears three small stars on a shoulder strap, located in a triangle: two on the sides of the lumen and one on the lumen slightly higher. The captain has four stars: two on the clearance and two on either side of him.
9
The next group is senior officers. On shoulder straps - two narrow gaps and large metal sprockets (20 mm). The coloring is the same as that of the junior officers.
10
The major on uniform has one star. The lieutenant colonel has two, on each clearance, the colonel has three - two on the clearance, one in the middle, located in a triangle.
eleven
The senior officers on uniform carry large embroidered stars (22 mm) located vertically. There are no gaps. Major General has one star, Lieutenant General two, Colonel General three. If there are four embroidered stars on the shoulder straps, you will see an army general.
12
The highest military rank in the armed forces of the Russian Federation is the Marshal of the Russian Federation. On his shoulder straps there is one very large embroidered star (40 mm) and the coat of arms of Russia.
note
This type of epaulette in the Russian army was determined by decree of the President of Russia No. 293 dated March 11, 2010. Its full name is "On military uniforms, insignia of military personnel and departmental insignia."
