The processes occurring in water and on land can have a significant impact on the cleanliness of the lake and its bottom. This can be human influence, gasoline or oil waste, toxic discharges, clogging of human waste products. The lake can also become clogged during the propagation of marsh plants on its shores, which displace all other types of vegetation and lead to a deterioration in the composition of water, which in turn violates the bio-balance of the ecosystem.
Instruction manual
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Four main methods are used to clean the lakes: mechanical, biological, chemical, and ultraviolet radiation.
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Mechanical cleaning involves the collection of debris from the surface of the water using nets or special devices, such as a net. Mechanical cleaning of large bodies of water is also possible when using small vessels and the work of divers. Recently, divers began to actively join in the cleaning of reservoirs.
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Purification is carried out in several stages. First, using equipment, excavators, they dig out drainage ditches and an additional tank and drain water from the lake. Then they clean the bottom, remove debris, silt, bottom sediments, clean the shores of the lake from excessive vegetation, and free the springs. The return of water occurs using mechanical filtration. This is the cheapest and most effective way to purify water from fine organics and algae.
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Artificial ponds, lakes on personal plots, the owners clean themselves. You can use a regular net, and for deeper cleaning - "underwater vacuum cleaner". The device also acts like ordinary vacuum cleaners, sucking dirty water with bottom sludge, algae, organics. Various nozzles of such mechanisms help to clean the most intricate bottom topography of artificial reservoirs. All sucked up garbage is collected in a separate tank, which must be cleaned when filling.
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In addition to mechanical cleaning, it is also possible to carry out biological cleaning of the lake with the help of biofilters filled with a porous substance, which promotes the reproduction of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria that feed on organics that are trapped in these filters.
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Chemical cleaning occurs by adding chemicals to the water to restore the chemical composition of the water and saturate it with oxygen. Such water treatment should be carried out exclusively by specialists, because it requires accurate calculations.
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Cleaning with ultraviolet light involves immersion in a lake of lamps with UV radiation (wavelength 180-300 nm). Ultraviolet radiation affects the DNA of small algae and microorganisms, bacteria and kills them. All devices necessary for cleaning are available in specialized stores and organizations.
