The main goal of the scientific text is to convey to readers any relevant idea, comprehensively substantiating the author’s opinion. Its distinctive features are structuredness, the sequence of presentation on the principle of "from general to particular" or "from particular to general", the accuracy of the wording, the uniqueness of the concepts and terms used. Varieties of the scientific text are monographs, textbooks, teaching and methodological aids, dissertations, term papers and diploma projects, etc.
Instruction manual
1
Formulate a topic on which you have to write a scientific text. It should clearly reflect the main problem and indicate the field of theoretical research. For example, “The Impact of Federal Electronic Media on the Formation of a Positive Family Image” or “Methodology for Stock Market Analysis in the Conditions of the Decaying Global Economic Crisis”.
2
Develop the structure (plan) of the text. It should include: - introduction (formulation of the problem, justification of its relevance, goals and objectives of the study, a list of methods and sources, etc.); - the main part (a consistent description of the facts, proof of the hypothesis, examples of experiments, surveys, etc.). d.); - conclusion (conclusions and prospects).
3
Write the first version of the text (draft), observing the basic requirements for the style of presentation of the material. 1. Impersonality. Do not use personal pronouns "I", "we". Instead, write "In the course work considered …" or "In the course of the study revealed …". 2. Lack of interrogative sentences. A scientific text does not imply a direct appeal to the reader, for example, "Do you know that …?" or "Let's get to the bottom line …". The author draws attention to the content of the work with a clear and reasoned presentation of his thoughts. 3. Use of terminology, but not professional jargon, for example, instead of "PR project" write "organize media coverage of the project." 4. Availability and sufficiency of citations. Referring to the opinion of experts in a particular professional field, do not forget to quote their words. Also indicate the information sources from which you gathered any information. However, the scientific text should not consist only of citations and references. The main place in it is given to the thoughts of the author. 5. The accuracy of the figures, facts, dates, names, titles, etc. Always check information from several reputable sources. Including the data that you obtained in the course of your own research, briefly describe the methodology for collecting information. 6. Ease of perception. Reduce the number of compound sentences containing multiple punctuation marks. Keep phrases short, readable. Remove unreasonable repetitions, insignificant explanations, too simple examples and obvious generalizations. But, of course, you should not simplify the language to the level of elementary school.
4
Use graphs, tables, calculations, sample questionnaires and other documents that you created and analyzed in the research process. A scientific text looks more significant if there are graphic materials supporting the main idea.
5
Reread the text you wrote. Do it out loud - so the flaws become more noticeable. Be sure to match the content of the stated topic. Check the consistency and interconnection of all parts of the text, the availability of links to sources and additional graphic materials. Correct grammar and punctuation errors.
