Translated from Latin, "culture" means "cultivation, tillage." In ancient times, this term meant the introduction of any changes in nature by man. There is no single, universally accepted definition of culture. In most cases, culture is understood as the historical totality of social, spiritual and industrial achievements of mankind.
In addition, culture, in a narrower sense, is a special area of society, where the spiritual efforts of mankind, manifestations of feelings, creative activity, and the achievement of reason are concentrated. The study of culture is engaged in the science of cultural studies. Various aspects of cultural life are also being studied by many other sciences - history, sociology, ethnography, linguistics, archeology, ethics, art history and others. Culture is a multifaceted and dynamic phenomenon. This is an integral part of society, designed to perform certain functions. The oldest function of culture is the adaptation of man to the environment. Thanks to her, human society was able to find protection from the unfriendly forces of nature and even forced them to serve themselves. Primitive people learned how to make clothes from animal skins, tamed fire, and as a result were able to populate large territories. The next function of culture is the accumulation, storage and transfer of cultural property. This function helps a person to develop, using the accumulated knowledge about the world. The mechanisms of cultural traditions work here, thanks to which the heritage accumulated over centuries is preserved. In addition, culture creates values and guidelines for the whole society. The values created by the culture are affirmed as the norms and requirements of society for all citizens, and regulate their lives. The social component of culture enables each person to assimilate a certain system of norms and values, to be a full member of society. People excluded from cultural processes are struggling to adapt to life in human society. The communicative function of culture is very important. In today's world there is a constant dialogue of cultures. History steps over regional and national frameworks and becomes global. Culture, like man, needs constant communication, the ability to compare themselves with others. True cultural values can only be developed in collaboration with other cultures. They grow on rich cultural soil.
