Declarant - an individual or legal entity accompanying the goods, products at the border. He deals with all issues related to declarations, obtaining customs services, making payments and duties,
The economic situation in our country is forcing business representatives involved in foreign trade to reduce their costs. The same applies to customs declaration. In order to realize its goals and optimize the operation of the enterprise, a customs declarant is accepted into the state.
Declarant: profession description
This is a specialist who organizes interaction with customs control points. He declares the goods, prepares and submits documents to the relevant authorities. It can become a citizen of Russia, as well as:
- carrier from other states upon transit declaration;
- a foreign citizen with customs privileges;
- a foreign organization with a representative office in Russia;
- a person who carries goods for personal use, and not for business.
The declarant helps to resolve situations regarding the disposal of goods on the border of the Russian Federation. Its role is played not only by individuals, but also by legal entities (organizations producing their own declarations, firms acting as intermediaries), and the state.
Depending on the type of required documents, they act in this role:
- ordinary citizens, declaring income from the transaction, transporting vehicles;
- Deputies
- civil servants;
- individual entrepreneurs.
Under the conditions of the functioning of various companies as full-time specialists, they solve the tasks of a declarant accountant, laboratory heads, chief engineers, managers or heads of sales departments, and labor protection specialists.
Broker or declarant: differences
Often the declarant is confused with a customs broker. However, according to the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, the latter performs customs operations on behalf of interested persons on their behalf. It can only be a Russian legal entity that has been registered and has a certificate of inclusion in the Register of customs representatives.
Declarant - an employee of the company or the company itself, which received a license to transport goods. A broker is an employee of another intermediary organization. This is the main difference between these two concepts.
Rights and obligations of the declarant
When customs declaration or other transactions with cargo at the border, a person has the right:
- inspect, measure, carry out cargo operations with objects under customs control;
- take samples of transported objects upon receipt of a written permission from customs officers;
- be present during customs inspection, inspection;
- get acquainted with the results of analysis of samples and samples;
- work with electronic document management;
- appeal against decisions and actions of customs authorities or officials.
When checking the characteristics of the object, a visual inspection, weighing and other actions are carried out that help to correctly calculate payments at customs, and make timely payments. Verification is carried out before the preparation and submission of the declaration.
If necessary, a specialist can attract experts to clarify details regarding the cargo transported, act in accordance with the legislative documents of our country. A professional has the right to independently choose the form for filing official papers. This can be either a personal appeal or an electronic format.
Responsibilities include filing a customs declaration. It is filled in accordance with all state standards. The specialist is engaged in the selection and assignment of codes ETH FEA, works out previously assigned codes, prepares a full package of documents for customs clearance of goods.
The duties of a professional also include the formation of responses to customs requests, communication with suppliers and payment calculations. If necessary, it is possible to make timely adjustments to data, monitor changes in legislation. Sometimes, as part of the enterprise’s work, additional functions are assigned to the specialist, for example, creating and filling out a technical library.
The responsibilities listed are exhaustive. The declarant may perform all other functions if he additionally has the status of another participant in customs and legal relations.
What documents does the declarant work with?
The main working document is the customs declaration. It is filled out in writing or electronically according to all the rules. After its registration, the declarant transfers it to the customs post.
In addition, filling out the transport forms necessary to obtain a permit for transportation rests with the specialist. If necessary, the specialist submits to the state body an application for movement, for an increase in the period and storage. The employee is responsible for timely payment of receipts, for their repayment and notification of state. payment authorities.
Requirements
A declarant may be a person with Russian citizenship or a resident of our country. The requirements include:
- the presence of secondary technical or higher education (the best option in the field of customs or jurisprudence);
- work experience related to cargo declaration;
- knowledge of the basic rules of coding and interpretation of goods;
- possession of information from customs legislation;
- knowledge of specialized programs, knowledge of electronic document management skills.
Employers often make additional demands on job seekers. These include good knowledge of English and good communication skills.
If the appropriate skills are not enough, you can take a profession at a licensed training center. Courses can be full-time or part-time. Graduates must pass the final certification. Upon its successful delivery, they receive a certificate of a training center and a certificate of a specialist in customs operations of the Federal Customs Service.
The course includes the study of classifiers and lists, the rules for determining codes and filling out a declaration, the system of customs authorities and relevant legislation. When choosing a training center, please note: the program must comply with the parameters prescribed in the order of the Federal Customs Service No. 2605 of 12/21/2015. It contains a list of exam questions, a description of the main topics required for study.
For registration of the FCS qualification certificate, it is necessary to submit an application, a copy of the passport, and a certificate of education to the regional customs department within 30 days before the examinations. If a copy of the latter is submitted, it must be certified in the prescribed manner. A customs operations specialist must undergo retraining every two years after qualification.
