Every day a person, entering into direct or indirect interaction with other people, experiences many conditions, emotions and feelings. In this case, most events and situations are given an explicit or unconscious assessment. One of the criteria for such assessments is justice. Any person uses this criterion in their daily lives, but few are able to clearly answer the question of what justice is.
In the framework of modern philosophical concepts and theories, justice is quite unambiguously defined as a concept of the order of things that contains the definitions and requirements of proper correspondence of ethical, moral, social and other entities. Similar entities can be relationships between specific people, groups of people, social classes, etc. These can be human acts, their results and rewards for the committed actions, as well as various orders, traditions, approaches, methods.
A reasonable and natural correspondence between entities and groups of entities (for example, between the measure of guilt and the severity of punishment, the amount of work done and payment for it) is called justice. Unreasonable, unbalanced correspondences or the absence of such correspondences (impunity, social inequality, etc.) is perceived as injustice.
The concept of justice was isolated, formed and described by ancient philosophers. Ancient Greek and ancient Eastern philosophy puts the deepest meaning into it, considering justice as a reflection of the fundamental principles and laws of the universe. Modern science partly confirms this. So, neurobiology identifies the parts of the brain that are directly responsible for the emergence of a sense of justice. Genetics argue that justice is a product of human evolution, which is one of the factors of natural selection at the level of survival of ancient communities (tribes committed to the principles of a fair existence received more dynamic development).
According to the philosophical interpretation of the concept of justice, it is customary to divide it into two types. A similar division was introduced by Aristotle and is still in use. Equal justice puts forward the requirement of equivalence of measures of entities that are objects of relations of equal individuals (for example, equivalence of the value of an object with its real value, equivalence of payment to perfect work). Distributive justice declares the concept of a reasonable proportional distribution of material resources, goods, rights, etc. according to any objective criteria. This type of justice requires a regulator - an individual engaged in distribution.
