The development of a child is its transformation into a social being - a person. It occurs under the influence of its natural and social environment, as well as through special purposeful activities to form certain personality traits - social education.
For the full development of the child, communication is of great importance. It is in the process of communication that speech is assimilated, which plays a leading role in the cognition and development of the surrounding world. The transformation into a social subject occurs as a result of the socialization of a person, his integration into society, into social groups. This process is implemented through the assimilation of values, attitudes, patterns of behavior, social norms, on the basis of which significant personality traits are formed.
Socialization is a continuous process that continues throughout a person’s life, but his role in childhood and adolescence is greatest, during these periods all basic orientations are laid down, basic social norms are assimilated, and social behavior motivation is formed.
The social environment is the most diverse community of people, characterized by certain systems of relations and rules. A person to some extent affects the environment, changes it, but at the same time, the environment affects a person, presenting him with his own requirements. The environment can take a person, his actions, and can reject, treat him hostile. Social education helps to acquire the necessary, from the point of view of society, social, spiritual and emotional values. Its main purpose is to promote the development of man, the realization of his abilities for the benefit of society.
The process of social education is carried out primarily in the family, later in educational institutions, with informal communication. The family is the main condition for the realization of human abilities, the most important educational institution with great potential. The child assimilates several social roles in the family: son or daughter, sister or brother, nephew, grandson, gets acquainted with the roles of mother and father, grandparents.
The next important role is a team member. In kindergarten, school, sports section, in communication with peers, children learn the roles of comrade, friend, student, leader. A significant social role is to be a citizen of one’s country, to love one’s homeland, to be proud of it.
Each period of social development is characterized by specific age-related features, which manifest themselves in certain psychological reactions, in age-appropriate activities, in the shaping influence of various socialization institutions.
Mastering the mechanism of role-playing behavior by children ensures their successful involvement in social relations, they learn to adapt, adapt to new situations throughout their later life. This adaptation process is called social adaptation.
Often, the process of socialization is complicated for some reason. Entry into society can be difficult due to the characteristics of physical or mental development. Sometimes the adoption of social norms by a child is distorted as a result of the spontaneous or deliberate influence of the environment. As a result, he cannot integrate into normal social relations and therefore needs specialized assistance for successful integration.
