The term "romanticism" refers to the vast cultural strata of many European countries. The concept of him is given back in school, at the lessons of literature and the Moscow Art Theater, however, many still continue to confuse a philosophical romance with the boulevard, and a romantic hero with a romantic.
In fact, romanticism has nothing to do with romance. Romanticism is an ideological and artistic direction in European and American culture. The framework of this period is blurred, but basically they are defined as the end of the XVIII - the first half of the XIX century. Romanticism arises as an answer to classicism and the Enlightenment and, as a result, acts as their opponent. Interest in the industrial revolution, which has highlighted the achievements of science and technology, gives way to interest in the personality of man, in his inner world, the idea of unity with nature. A great impetus to the emergence and development of romanticism was given by the Great French Revolution of 1789, more precisely, its results, which did not meet the expectations of the people. But still, romanticism is emerging in German literature, among the writers of the so-called Jena school - Tika, Novalis, Schlegel brothers. The philosophy of romanticism was greatly influenced by Arthur Schopenhauer. His work “Peace as a Will and Representation” made a real sensation in European philosophical thought - it seemed to contemporaries extremely pessimistic, preaching total irrationalism - there is no special meaning in human existence, only blind, animal thirst for life rules man. A special image of romantic a hero. A romantic hero is one who runs away from reality, from everyday life and ordinary people, "philistines" in the terminology of romantics. In the literature of romanticism, motives for escaping to exotic countries are very frequent, most often a romantic hero travels on water. The most striking example is Byron's Childe-Harold. Byron had such a huge impact on romanticism in general, that one of the subtypes of the romantic hero was called byronic. Romantic writers show great interest in fairy tales - they create in their works the mythical world in which the romantic hero tries to hide from reality. Bright representatives of such a "fabulous" trend are the brothers Grimm, Theodor Hoffmann. In Russian literature, the adherents of romanticism were Zhukovsky, Tyutchev, Pushkin and Lermontov. Romanticism developed in other forms of art - painting and music. Artists of romanticism defied the masters of classicism - they argued that in classical works there is no soul and thirst for life, they accused them of excessive rationalism. Theodore Gericault, Carl Lessing, Francisco Goya became the bright representatives of romanticism in painting. The music of romanticism set as its goal the disclosure of the rich inner world of man. Composers of the romantic era - Schubert, Hoffmann, Schumann, Paganini, Verdi, Chopin, Glinka, Rimsky-Korsakov, Balakirev, Mussorgsky, Borodin, Tchaikovsky.
