Modern anthropologists have been able to prove that a Cro-Magnon-type man has been living for 40 thousand years. It was during these periods that humanity made social evolution, not biological. Despite this, one can notice that they heard about the first state formations only five thousand years ago.
People of the present kind existed for a very long time, not knowing the state. The first unit of human self-organization was the community, which was otherwise called the primitive clan community, that is, the tribe, clan, association. Most nations of the world clan community formed in two stages: matriarchy and patriarchy. One of the main periods - matriarchy is characteristic for the development and formation of the tribal system. The dominant place in this period is occupied only by a woman, since the extraction of livelihoods is her main duty. Yes, and kinship is determined only by the maternal line, while all members of the clan are descendants of one female representative. Patriarchy becomes the main form of organization much later. It occurs with the advent of agriculture, the smelting of metals and cattle breeding, that is, with the advent of social production. As a result, male labor directly prevails over female labor. The maternal community gives way to the patriarchal community, where in turn kinship is carried out only on the male line. The primitive clan community is a community of people created directly on the basis of collective labor, consanguinity, as well as common ownership of products of production and tools. Thanks to these conditions, the equality of social status arose, as well as a special interconnection of the gender and unity of interests. The territory, household utensils and tools were privately owned, which did not have any legal form. But the products were distributed equally, taking into account the merits of each. Tribal communities could move, but their organization was preserved. The instruments of labor and production forces were extremely primitive. Mostly it was the collection of products of natural origin, fishing and hunting. In the organization of power and the system of managing affairs, primitive communist relations dominated. And clan assemblies were, under such a system, authorities. That is, elders, military leaders and leaders. All signs of the clan community were social in nature. The formation of self-government bodies was a whole clan community. And the highest power was the council, which consisted of all adult members of the clan. At this council, quite significant tasks of community life were solved, which related also to religious rites, and not just production activities. The day-to-day management of community affairs was carried out by an elder elected by all members of the family. The elder, military leader and priest could be re-elected at any moment. They had to fulfill not only their duties, but also participate in production activities on an equal basis with other members of the community.
