Parliament is the highest legislative and representative state body in those countries in which there is a separation of powers. The word itself is borrowed from the English language (parliament), which came from the French parlement.
Instruction manual
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In parliament, the country's population and its regions have representation at the expense of selected individuals. Moreover, the composition of the parliament (or one of its chambers) is formed at the expense of general elections. Parliament is the legislative authority. Its functions include the adoption of laws, as well as certain control and formation of the executive branch, for example, passing a vote of no confidence in the government. In many states, parliament has the same name, in some it has its own.
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In ancient states (for example, in Ancient Rome) there were bodies, which included representatives of the people. Such bodies could be the council of elders, the veche, the national assembly, the Senate. In the era of the Middle Ages, an estate-representative system appeared. It was a body, which included representatives of the estates. Examples are the General States (France), Zemsky Cathedral (Russia).
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The prototype of the modern parliament is an organ that appeared in England in the 13th century. According to the "Magna Carta" signed by King John Landless, certain rights were transferred to the royal council. Parliament was a kind of layer between the monarch and society. Over time, the role of the secondary organ was replaced by the role of the main organ in the state.
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There are unicameral parliaments (for example, the Verkhovna Rada in Ukraine) and bicameral parliaments (the State Duma and the Federation Council in Russia). Members of the lower house of parliament are called deputies; members of the upper house are called senators. Parliamentary elections clearly show the mood that prevails in society. The party that received the most votes is in the process of forming a government. As a rule, parliamentary elections are held once every 4-5 years.
