Corruption is the mercenary abuse by an official of his rights and authority. In a corrupt act there is always a benefit of an official in the personal interest or in the interests of persons associated with it.
Instruction manual
1
The origins of corruption, apparently, lie in the habit of giving a gift for a slightly better attitude to oneself than to others. At the same time, it is assumed that the gifted person will fulfill his official or professional duties more quickly and efficiently. For example, the teacher will give the child more attention, the doctor will tell the patient where they are better treated, the plumber from the Housing Office will come not from “nine to six, ” but at the right time
.In principle, an extra charge for speed or quality is normal commercial practice. However, in those cases when the law or job descriptions do not provide for the implementation of additional paid services, the “gift for attitude” begins to somehow look suspiciously like a bribe.
2
The second stage of corruption is when an official who has the right to allocate resources or make decisions is involved in a case. Distribute or make a decision in favor of the one who pays - an example of corruption in the form of a bribe and abuse of office. Or in a situation where, for example, two advertising agencies are fighting for a municipal contract, this very contract is concluded with the agency that will offer the decision maker more. This is a commercial bribe.
3
At the same level - a variety of fraud schemes. For example, such a very common story: you need to build a store, a competition is announced, which is held with a deliberate violation of the rules. As a result of this, the competition is declared invalid and a new one is immediately appointed, in which two companies participate - the “front company” and the company owned by the wife of the official conducting the competition. Or, for example, a company asks a bank for a large loan: the bank gives out a loan, but a percentage of the loan amount should be given, say, personally to the director of the bank.
4
The third step is the creation of “corruptogenic” laws, when laws are written in such a way that numerous loopholes remain that allow a very “flexible” interpretation of the law. Such, for example, are the wording “and other actions” (without a clear definition of these actions), such are references to laws or by-laws that are not chronically adopted (or knowingly will not be adopted).
