Demography is the term that designates science that studies the patterns of population reproduction, as well as the historical conditionality of this process. This concept is most often used by sociologists and extras who keep a record of the population within the framework of certain criteria (for example, gender, age, professional, etc.).
Instruction manual
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For the first time, the term "demography" was mentioned in the book of the scientist Frenchman A. Guillard ("Elements of population statistics or comparative demography"). This concept became widespread in the late 19th - early 20th centuries. If we consider demography as a branch of scientific knowledge, then it is developing and has existed for more than 300 years. An Englishman was recognized as the founder of demography as a science, who for the first time built mortality tables for Londoners, relying on long-term statistics.
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The main concept of demography is the population. Another option is population. According to the demographic theory, population is an aggregate of people that is naturally-historically and continuously renewed in the process of production and reproduction of life, the leading material component of society.
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How to understand population reproduction from the point of view of demographers? This is the process (one of the main ones) of the reproduction of society. Reproduction is the main, as well as the most characteristic property of the population. The study of the processes of reproduction of the population is directly the competence of demography (and only it).
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Demography also studies the processes of the interaction of fertility, mortality, marriage and divorce, as well as the reproduction of the population as a whole. In addition, this science considers and deduces the patterns and social conditioning of these processes.
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In modern society, there is a difficult demographic situation, especially in the countries of Asia, Africa, Latin America, where there is a constant population growth and a stably low quality of life. As a result, there is a “contact” of demography with other sciences (sociology and economics) and a pronounced “gap” between the wealthy segments of the population and the poor.
