The work of the great Russian poet Alexander Sergeyevich Pushkin is highly regarded throughout the world. He is considered one of the most fruitful writers of large and small poetic forms. But there is one unique period in his creative life, which has earned the special interest of specialists. Indeed, it was “Boldinskaya Autumn” which, according to their recognition, became a kind of record holder in the number of masterpieces written. Moreover, among the literary works of this time there are not only lyrical works.
By universal admission of all lovers of creativity A.S. Pushkin and specialists in this field, namely, “Boldino Autumn, ” the world owes the birth of many talented works that have come out of the hands of a recognized genius. In this three-month period, which began on August 31, 1830, the poet was at the peak of his work when he composed his imperishable creations with such enthusiasm and speed that many have the impression of his supernatural abilities.
But it was the cholera epidemic that plagued Russia at that time and claimed many human lives that caused the poet to unexpectedly retreat. And it was this depressing factor that primarily contributed to the unexpectedly freed up time, which Alexander Sergeyevich ordered very fruitfully.
What preceded the Boldino Autumn
The forerunners of the "Boldino Autumn" of the great poet were spring and summer of 1830. On May 6, an announcement was made about the engagement of Pushkin and Goncharova. Due to financial difficulties of the bride's family, the wedding was postponed several times. The mother of Natalia Goncharova did not want to be considered ruined, and therefore considered the absence of a dowry to her daughter a difficulty for this solemn event. In addition, in August, Pushkin's uncle, Vasily Lvovich, died. And because of the mourning, the wedding was again delayed, and the poet left Moscow for Boldino to take over the village of Kistenevo, which his father gave him.
Interestingly, before leaving Moscow, the groom had a falling out with the bride’s mother and, under the influence of his overwhelming feelings, wrote in a letter to Natalya that she was “completely free”, and he, in turn, “would only marry her or never marry”. Pushkin arrived at his destination on September 3, 1830. Here he planned to deal with affairs within a month. In the early days, the poet was even afraid that due to the hassle of taking over the property and mortgaging the village of Kistenevo, he would have violated a fruitful working regime. After all, it was usually in the fall that he most zealously wrote his works.
On this short-term trip, Alexander Sergeyevich took with him only three books (The History of the Russian People, 2nd volume of Polevoy, Iliad translated by Gnedich and Composition of English Poets), which, as it turned out later, were very few. Pushkin's idea of a month-long tour to the village was disrupted by the terrible cholera epidemic that covered the European part of Russia. Due to quarantine cordons, which exclude transport links with Moscow and St. Petersburg, he was forced to get stuck in Boldino for three months.
A.S. Pushkin during the Boldin Autumn
During his stay in the village, Pushkin immersed himself in creativity. "Boldinskaya Autumn" was able to give the world a sufficient number of literary works that have gone out of the hands of the master, both in poetry and in prose. The rural way of life had a very beneficial effect on his ability to write. Beautiful nature, clean air and privacy became for the writer those important reasons that he always lacked in a busy city. He could work from sunrise until late at night, completely surrendering to the muse.
It is "Boldinskaya Autumn" in the life of the Russian genius that is considered the brightest period of creation. After all, it was at this time that he was able to open up in many literary genres, creating many works. Here, in three months, he managed to complete the writing of the poem Eugene Onegin, create the poem House in Kolomna and 32 lyrical pieces of small forms, write Little Tragedies and Belkin's Tales, as well as create a mass of unfinished works.
Usually Pushkin woke up at six o’clock. His morning exercise consisted of a cold shower and hot coffee. Then he began to write. And he did it, lying directly on the bed. The speed of writing it was so high that many experts are perplexed even today: "He did it so quickly, as if he did not compose his works personally, but recorded them under dictation." The inspirational time for creativity pleased the classic himself, and he did not miss the opportunity to use it with maximum efficiency. In the village, Alexander Sergeevich was able to master new literary genres. He experimented with vocabulary and combined various folk and art forms. Unfortunately, not all of his plans of that time he subsequently managed to fully realize.
Lyrical literary forms
It is characteristic that the fall of 1830 became for the great writer a period of summing up the next results of his work. Even in his letter to his parents in April of this year, he mentions the “new period”. He reports the same thing at the end of September to Pletnev: “Until now I am - and here he will be us. Joke!”. The literary upsurge coincided with changes in personal life. On September 13, "The Tale of the Priest and His Worker Balda, " written in an edifying manner, was completed. And the final chapter of "Eugene Onegin" tells the reader about the symbolic retrospective of his work through the "change of the face of the Muse." According to Blagoy, the evolution of Pushkin’s creativity during this period occurred as “a movement through romanticism to realism, from poetry to prose.”
In Boldino, more than thirty poems were composed, among which are Elegy, My Genealogy, and Demons. Two final chapters of Eugene Onegin and the poem Gypsies deserve special words. If you try to summarize the creative theme of the lyrics of "Boldino Autumn", it seems that the poet sums up some past events and tries to formulate impressions of the present. And the samples in folk genres expressed in "The Tale of the Priest and his Workman Balda" and the unfinished "Tale of the Bear" only reinforce this impression.
It is genre versatility and two categories ("memories" of the past and "impressions" of the present) of poetry that most fully characterize the "Boldian" period of the great Russian poet. Examples of literature include “Spell” (love elegy), “Autumn” (an eloquent description of nature), “Hero” and “My family tree” (political and philosophical thoughts), “Demons” (genre sketches), “It's not a problem
"(epigrams).
At the beginning of October 1830, Alexander Sergeyevich made an attempt to get out of Boldin, but he then failed to overcome the quarantine cordons. Only on December 5 (the third time) he was able to break into Moscow, not yet sent from cholera. And on December 9, he wrote to Pletnev: “I’ll tell you (for a secret) that I wrote in Boldin, as I have not written for a long time. Here is what I brought here: the last 2 chapters of Onegin, the 8th and 9th, all ready to print A story written in octaves (verses 400) by Anonyme, several dramatic scenes, or small tragedies, namely: The Mean Knight, Mozart and Salieri, Pir during the Plague, and D. Joan. Moreover, he wrote about 30 small poems. ? Not everything: (Top Secret) I wrote prose 5 stories from which Baratynsky neighs and beats - and which we also print Anonym e
.
