Marina Ivanovna Tsvetaeva is a famous poet of the Silver Age, who is one of the key figures in world poetry of the 20th century. What is interesting about her biography and personal life?
The childhood and youth of Marina Tsvetaeva
The future poetess was born in Moscow on September 26, 1892. Her family belonged to high society. Dad was a famous scientist, and mom was a pianist. The education of the daughter fell on the shoulders of the mother. My father often went on business trips and therefore rarely saw his children. Marina and her sister were brought up very strictly. From the age of six, the girl began to compose poetry.
Marina’s mother always wanted her daughter to become a musician, but love of poetry overcame this feeling. In childhood, Tsvetaeva lived with her mother for a long time abroad, in particular in France, Germany, Italy. Therefore, she could easily express and compose verses in several languages. Subsequently, this knowledge will be very useful to her when she works as a translator.
Her mother died early enough when the girl was 14 years old. In recent years, she was very sick. Father had no time to deal with children and girls early became independent. Hence the early fascination with the opposite sex, as well as modern political views.
In 1908, Marina went to study in Paris, where she entered the Sorbonne. Knowledge of languages was useful to her in the difficult Soviet years, when she could not earn on writing poetry, but only received money for translating texts from one language to another.
Creativity of Marina Tsvetaeva
Marina began her creative activity in 1910, when her first collection of poems, "The Evening Album", appeared. It was mainly printed poems of school years. But at the same time, other famous artists of that time drew attention to her. She made friends with Valery Bryusov, Nikolai Gumilyov and Maximilian Voloshin. She released all her first collections at her own expense.
Then the following collections followed - “The Magic Lantern”, “From Two Books”. Further, the poetess annually publishes various collections of poems, but the most famous are "To Akhmatova" and "Poems about Moscow", which were written when she was visiting her sister in Alexandrov.
In 1916, a civil war broke out, and Tsvetaeva was very worried about the split of society into red and white. This is also reflected in her work. So a series of poems "Swan Song" about the heroic deed of a white officer appeared.
After the revolution, Tsvetaeva’s husband was forced to emigrate to the Czech Republic. In 1922, Marina also went there. At the same time, foreign readers appreciated the prose of the writer much more. She released many memories of other great poets Andrei Bely, Maximilian Voloshin and so on. But her poems abroad almost never read.
In the Czech Republic, she wrote a collection of poems "After Russia", which reflected her feelings about breaking up with her beloved country and her nature. Then she practically stopped writing. But in 1940 her last collection of poems came out.
Personal life of Marina Tsvetaeva
At 18, Tsvetaeva began to communicate with her future husband, Sergei Efron. He was a white officer from a good and noble family. Six months later, they got married, and their daughter Ariadne was born. In 1917, the second daughter Irina was born, who died due to illness at the age of three. Already when the family lived in Prague, a son George was born, who died during the Second World War in 1944 at the front.
In addition to her husband, Tsvetaeva very often fell in love with poets and writers of that time. So she had a long affair with Boris Pasternak. And once Marina even fell in love with her friend Sophia Parnok, with whom she began a real love relationship.
